BACKGROUND Organ engineering is a new innovative strategy to cope with two problems: the need for physiological models for pharmacological research and donor organs for transplantation. A functional scaffold is generated from explanted organs by removing all cells (decellularization) by perfusing the organ with ionic or nonionic detergents via the vascular system. Subsequently the acellular sca...

Traditional factors of DNA damage and tumor cell kill, described by the "4 R's" of radiobiology (Reassortment, Reoxygenation, Repair, and Repopulation) fall short in explaining the role of immunity in hosts treated with radiotherapy. We propose a "5th R," (immune-mediated) Rejection, which recognizes the contribution of the immune system to the antineoplastic effects of radiotherapy.

Phylogenetic analysis of foamy virus sequences obtained from Bornean and Sumatran orangutans showed a distinct clustering pattern. One subcluster was represented by both Bornean and Sumatran orangutan simian foamy viruses (SFV). Combined analysis of host mitochondrial DNA and SFV phylogeny provided evidence for the hypothesis of the repopulation of Sumatra by orangutans from Borneo.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that transplantation of ATP7B-transduced hepatocytes ameliorates disease progression in LEC (Long-Evans Cinnamon) rats, a model of Wilson's disease (WD). However, the inability of transplanted cells to proliferate in a normal liver hampers long-term treatment. In the current study, we investigated whether transplantation of ATP7B-transduced bone marro...

As our understanding of inflammatory resolution increases, drugs that trigger proresolution pathways may become significant in treating chronic inflammatory diseases. However, anti-inflammatory drugs are traditionally tested during the first hours of onset (i.e., to dampen leukocyte and edema formation), and their ability to trigger proresolution processes has never been investigated. Moreover,...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Preparative hepatic irradiation (HIR), together with mitotic stimulation of hepatocytes, permits extensive hepatic repopulation by transplanted hepatocytes in rats and mice. However, whole liver HIR is associated with radiation-induced liver disease (RILD), which limits its potential therapeutic application. In clinical experience, restricting HIR to a fraction of the liver ...

The identification of molecules that regulate human hematopoietic stem cells has focused mainly on cytokines, of which very few are known to act directly on stem cells. Recent studies in lower organisms and the mouse have suggested that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) may play a critical role in the specification of hematopoietic tissue from the mesodermal germ layer. Here we report that BMP...

Receptor tyrosine kinases Diverse tissue DCs, other myeloid cells Differentiation and proliferation; synergizes with stem cell factor ↓ = impaired hematopoietic stem cell repopulation and B cell precursors G-CSF GCSFR dimer Macrophages, fibroblasts, other tissues Committed progenitors Differentiation and activation of granulocytes ↓ = neutropenia

BACKGROUND Reversible ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) liver injury has been used to induce engraftment and hepatic parenchymal differentiation of exogenous beta2-microglubulin(-)/Thy1(+) bone marrow derived cells. AIM To test the ability of this method of hepatic parenchymal repopulation, theoretically applicable to clinical practice, to correct the metabolic disorder in a rat model of congenital...