Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug which is highly effective against a wide spectrum of ventricular tachyarrhythmias making it irreplaceable in certain group of patients. We report an unusual case of acute liver and renal failure within 24 hours of initiation of intravenous (IV) amiodarone which resolved after stopping the medication. The mechanism of acute liver and renal toxicity is not cle...

The activity of methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) against several experimental leukemias prompted the toxicological study of this compound prior to its clinical trial. Gastrointestinal toxicity was prominent in mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs. Irreversible hypoglycemia was observed in rats and rabbits but did not occur in dogs. Hepatic and renal damage, varying from cellular vacuolation to frank...

The renal proximal tubule is a main target for drug-induced toxicity. The prediction of proximal tubular toxicity during drug development remains difficult. Any in vitro methods based on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived renal cells had not been developed, so far. Here, we developed a rapid 1-step protocol for the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) into proximal...

Melamine poisoning has become widely publicized after a recent occurrence of renal injury in infants and children exposed to melamine-tainted milk in China. This renal damage is believed to result from kidney stones formed from melamine and uric acid or from melamine and its cocrystallizing chemical derivative, cyanuric acid. However, the composition of the stones and the mechanism by which the...

The pathogenesis of the renal lesion upon envenomation by snakebite has been related to myolysis, hemolysis, hypotension and/or direct venom nephrotoxicity caused by the venom. Both primary and continuous cell culture systems provide an in vitro alternative for quantitative evaluation of the toxicity of snake venoms. Crude Crotalus vegrandis venom was fractionated by molecular exclusion chromat...

BACKGROUND/AIM Taxol and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) are anticancer agents with potential renal toxicity. Previously, we have shown that the Ser36-phosphorylated p66shc adaptor protein mediates renal toxicity of selected anticancer modalities through increasing production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and consequent mitochondrial depolarization. Here, we analyzed whether p66shc plays a...

The usefulness and efficacy of cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic drug, are limited by its toxicity to normal tissues and organs, including the kidneys. The uptake of cisplatin in renal tubular cells is high, leading to cisplatin accumulation and tubular cell injury and death, culminating in acute renal failure. While extensive investigations have been focused on the signaling pathways of cisplatin ...

Carboplatinum is one of a series of Platinum compounds ^Ynthesised with the aim of finding a Cisplatinum ana?9ue with equivalent or superior anti-tumour activity "ut reduced renal toxicity and less emetic activity. Cisplatinum was first used in clinical studies in the early 1970's and is established as essential in the treatment of malignant germ cell tumours particularly teratoma. It is, howev...

A case of severe ethanol toxicity is described where a patient was admitted pulseless, apnoeic and deeply unconscious after ingesting a full bottle (1 litre) of 'methylated spirits' The initial blood ethanol level was 1.127 g/dL. The patient was rapidly intubated and resuscitated with fluids and inotropic agents. Renal replacement therapy was initiated and a rapid reduction in the initial blood...

BACKGROUND Methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity results from biotransformation; inorganic fluoride is a toxic metabolite. Concern exists about potential renal toxicity from volatile anesthetic defluorination, but many anesthetics increase fluoride concentrations without consequence. Methoxyflurane is metabolized by both dechlorination to methoxydifluoroacetic acid (MDFA, which may degrade to fluoride)...