BACKGROUND Hypertension is common in the antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome (APS) and its cause is poorly understood. Anecdotal evidence suggests that renal artery stenosis (RAS) may be a relevant and treatable cause of hypertension. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of RAS in patients with APS and hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three groups of patients were evaluated: (1) 77 pati...

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a relatively common problem, estimated to affect between 1% and 5% of patients with hypertension.1,2 Given the high prevalence of hypertension, it follows that there are from 2 million to 4 million individuals with RAS in the United States alone. A challenging feature of the disease is the high incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in affected...

Renal artery aneurysms are rare in the general population, although the true incidence and natural history remain elusive. Controversy over criteria for repair persists across decades. Indications for repair presently include aneurysm size >2 cm, female gender within childbearing age, symptoms like pain and hematuria, medically refractory hypertension including that associated with functionally...

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury occurs commonly in hospitalized patients and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although renal ultrasound is often performed, its clinical utility in determining of the cause of acute kidney injury, particularly the detection of urinary tract obstruction, is not established. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of all adult inpatients that und...

Introduction: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is associated with inadequate urine drainage from renal pelvis into ureter. UPJO results from incomplete recanalization of proximal ureter during fetal period which finally leads to hydrostatic distention of renal pelvis and calyces. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, ultrasound, and diuretic isotopic renogram. Various surgical metho...

With improved neonatal resuscitation techniques a number of infants are now surviving only to develop vascular problems secondary to intravascular catheterisation, repeated venepuncture, or arterial blood sampling. Spontaneous thromboses are also more common in early life than in later childhood.' 2 Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of blocked vessels in adult patients are...

Although the treatment of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis with use of percutaneous angioplasty, stent placement, and surgical revascularization has gained widespread use, there exist few prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing these techniques to each other or against the standard of medical management alone. To facilitate this process as well as help answer many importa...

Pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE) infusions were examined in normal rabbits, in rabbits with renal artery stenosis of over 30 days' duration (chronic renal hypertensive rabbits), and in rabbits with renal artery stenosis of 3 days' duration (3-day clipped rabbits). The 3-day clipped rabbits did not have hypertension, but they showed the same increased pressor responses to NE as did the c...

An aging atherosclerosis-prone population has led to an increase in the prevalence of atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD). Medical management of this disease, as with other atherosclerotic conditions, has improved over the past decade. Despite the widespread availability of endovascular revascularization procedures, there is inconsistent evidence of benefit in ARVD and no clear consensu...

Pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction is defined as a partial or total blockage to urinary outflow from the renal pelvis into the proximal ureter causing dilatation of the collecting system and potentially progressive renal damage, if left untreated [1]. The PUJ obstruction is the most common site of obstruction in the upper urinary tract of children. Before the advent of ultrasonography, t...