Salt-and-pepper noise (SPN) is a common type of image that appears as randomly distributed white and black pixels in an image. It also known impulse or random noise. This paper aims to introduce new weighted average based on the Atangana–Baleanu fractional integral operator, which well-known idea calculus. Our proposed method incorporates concept symmetry window mask structures, resulting effic...

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been actively researched as a potential technique for future wireless communications, which intelligently ameliorate the signal propagation environment. In conventional design, each RIS element configures and reflects its received independently of all other elements, results in diagonal phase shift matrix. By contrast, we propose novel architecture...