Developing countries have embarked on the promotion of “ICT access for all” through subsidized Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), especially in underserviced areas of such countries. The main aim of the “ICT access for all” is to extend the communication services to the large areas of underserviced regions through subsidized communication services. In some instances, subsidies m...

If uniform coding (Gödelization) of potentially infinite sequences of numbers can be performed in PSPACEF, then PSPACE = EXPTIME 6= EXPSPACE = 2-EXPTIME, and, for all p, we have p−EXPSPACE = p+1-EXPTIME; if it can be performed in LINSPACEF, we also have LINSPACE = DTIME(2); the proof fails, when relativized to oracle-TM’s. A by-product of this research is that PTIMEF is not closed under number-...

the purpose of this study is a reflection on the approaches to values education and its development at the education system of iran. in this article, we have used analytical and descriptive methods. research findings show that values education is inherent component of education and values have to be translated to students on basis of rational processes and free will. also, it seems that some of...

BACKGROUND The Mexico-U.S. border region is experiencing rising rates of blood-borne infections among injection drug users (IDUs), emphasizing the need for harm reduction interventions. METHODS We assessed the religious and cultural factors affecting the acceptability and feasibility of three harm reduction interventions--Needle exchange programs (NEPs), syringe vending machines, and safer in...

Sponsorship of a healthcare organization by a religious community requires sponsors to maintain significant influence and ultimate control over mission, quality of services, and assets. To ensure the mission of its sponsor (the Religious Sisters of Mercy) permeated all its operations, St. Edward Mercy Medical Center, Fort Smith, AR, incorporated the nine Mercy values into the organization's cor...

The origin of values and preferences is an unresolved theoretical question in behavioural and social sciences. The Savanna-IQ Interaction Hypothesis, derived from the Savanna Principle and a theory of the evolution of general intelligence, suggests that more intelligent individuals may be more likely to acquire and espouse evolutionarily novel values and preferences (such as liberalism and athe...

The effects of inbreeding on the health of offspring can be studied by measuring genome-wide autozygosity as the proportion of the genome in runs of homozygosity (F roh) and relate F roh to outcomes such as psychiatric phenotypes. To successfully conduct these studies, the main patterns of variation for genome-wide autozygosity between and within populations should be well understood and accoun...

BACKGROUND The relationship of cultural factors to the breastfeeding patterns has been documented. Given previous reports of the increased frequency and duration of breastfeeding in Orthodox Jewish women, an analysis of the religious and cultural basis of this phenomenon was performed. METHODOLOGY The published medical literature relating to the religious and sociodemographic variables in Jew...

Some individuals when they come close to death report having experiences that they interpret as spiritual or religious. These so-called near-death experiences (NDEs) often include a sense of separation from the physical body and encounters with religious figures and a mystical or divine presence. They share with mystical experiences a sense of cosmic unity or oneness, transcendence of time and ...