Many studies have now reported the positive correlation between Open Access (OA) self-archiving and citation counts ("OA Advantage," OAA). But does this OAA occur because (QB) authors are more likely to self-selectively self-archive articles that are more likely to be cited (self-selection "Quality Bias": QB)? or because (QA) articles that are selfarchived are more likely to be cited ("Quality ...

Men are often considered to be more technologically minded than women, and to gain advantage in the labour market from this. However, with the growth of computer technology, which at work is spread equally across gender, this advantage might be declining. It is likely, moreover, that this computer experience has direct effects on attitudes to computers, thus reducing the attitudinal differentia...

in order to investigate the competition indices of intercropping wheat and chickpea under nitrogen consumption, an experiment was arranged as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009 – 2010 in gonbad kavous university farm. planting patterns factor included four levels of sole cropping wheat (w), two rows of wheat with one row of chickpea (w2c1) on...

this article has considered the volume and direction of iran’s trade using the gravity model. the major issue in this analysis is to explore why iran over or under-traded with the 76 countries relative to the predicted trade flows of the model. the study attempts to explore the reasons from the respect of both the model itself and iran’s trade structure. this is done by analysing the performanc...

In many social animals, group-mates cooperate to defend their range against intrusion by neighboring groups. Because group size tends to be highly variable, such conflicts are often asymmetric. Although numerical superiority is assumed to provide a competitive advantage, small groups can generally defend their ranges, even when greatly outnumbered. The prevailing explanation for this puzzling p...

Infants appear to learn abstract rule-like regularities (e.g., la la da follows an AAB pattern) more easily from speech than from a variety of other auditory and visual stimuli (Marcus et al., 2007). We test if that facilitation reflects a specialization to learn from speech alone, or from modality-independent communicative stimuli more generally, by measuring 7.5-month-old infants' ability to ...

The aim of case-based planning (CBP) is to improve the e ciency of plan generation by taking advantage of previous problem-solving experience. This paper explores the relative utility of placing CBP within plan-space vs. state-space planning. We argue that it is in the ability to adapt the previous case to the new situation that plan-space planning proves to be more e cient. To be able to exten...

The gap created by the mismatch between high domestic demand and low supply of halal meat has been filled ruminant sourced from international markets. However, exporting countries are still limited due to stringent requirements. This study examined competitive advantage trading partners in exportation meat. Moreover, this also identified factors underlying import determined comparative local pr...