The search for a pharmacotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cocaine dependence began in the early 1980s as clinicians and researchers realized that the cocaine epidemic was growing rapidly and that standard drug counseling and self-help groups made little impact on the addiction for many cocaine abusers. Cocaine was initially viewed as a recreational drug for the wealthy with limited negati...

: BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is a commonly used treatment option for the treatment of addictions such as alcohol, nicotine and drug dependence. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine addiction. METHODS: Two reviewers independently searched 10 databases. Unpublished studies were sought using Clinicaltrials.gov, the U...

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      Social capital results from shaping and establishment of values, norms, traditions, conventions and rules in self realization manner and in the context of social interactions and it produces hypothesis  in different fields such as empathy, cooperation, humanism, loyalty and conscience in  people’s social lives. The relationship between social capital and citizenship behavior is explored i...

BACKGROUND Multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) is a well-established treatment for adolescents showing both substance abuse and/or antisocial behavior. METHOD The effectiveness of MDFT in reducing adolescents' substance abuse, delinquency, externalizing and internalizing psychopathology, and family malfunctioning was examined by means of a (three-level) meta-analysis, summarizing 61 effect...