Many public health interventions provide benefits that extend beyond their direct recipients and impact people in close physical or social proximity who did not directly receive the intervention themselves. A classic example of this phenomenon is the herd protection provided by many vaccines. If these 'spillover effects' (i.e. 'herd effects') are present in the same direction as the effects on ...

Understanding the effects of cross-system fluxes is fundamental in ecosystem ecology and biological conservation. Source-sink dynamics and spillover processes may link adjacent ecosystems by movement of organisms across system boundaries. However, effects of temporal variability in these cross-system fluxes on a whole marine ecosystem structure have not yet been presented. Here we show, using 3...

Using the data of manufacturing enterprises from 2003 to 2013 and state-level economic technological development zone high-tech 2010 2012, this paper uses BD-DD dual robust identification strategy analyse impact mechanism overflow effect establishment zones by accurately judging geographical relationship between zones. The results show that has a significant spillover on surrounding enterprises...

This paper studies the effects of monetary policy rules in a fiscal federation, such as the European Union. The focus of the analysis is the interaction between the fiscal policy of member countries (regions) and the monetary authority. Each of the countries structures its fiscal policy (spending and taxes) with the interests of its citizens in mind. When capital markets are integrated, the fis...

We aim to explore the impact of economic agglomeration on development green total-factor productivity (GTFP) from both theoretical and empirical levels. use non-radial directional distance function method formulate GTFP index further empirically study GTFP. The results indicate that: 1) there is a “U-shaped” curve relationship between GTFP, formation mechanism that has threshold effect external...

The net movement of individuals from marine reserves (also known as no-take marine protected areas) to the remaining fishing grounds is known as spillover and is frequently used to promote reserves to fishers on the grounds that it will benefit fisheries. Here we consider how mismanaged a fishery must be before spillover from a reserve is able to provide a net benefit for a fishery. For our mod...

This study investigates the intraday price and volatility spillover effect between the Japanese market and the Korean market, using a VAR-asymmetric BEKK GARCH model. In particular, the study considers three high-frequency (10-min, 30-min, and 1-hour) intraday datasets of TOPIX and KOSPI200 markets. The empirical results indicate a bi-directional price spillover effect in the 10-min intervals, ...

A recent surge of research has investigated the potential of pro-environmental behavior interventions to affect other pro-environmental behaviors not initially targeted by the intervention. The evidence evaluating these spillover effects has been mixed, with some studies finding evidence for positive spillover (i.e., one pro-environmental behavior increases the likelihood of performing addition...

After the official launch of China’s unified carbon market, potential for emission reduction is huge. The pilot regional markets urgently need to be connected with national market form a synergy and linkage mechanism further promote development market. Spillover effects can used analyze interaction between multiple markets. In this context, study focuses on overall spillover relationship among ...