In view of the stringent CO intolerance of the state-of-the-art proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, it is desirable to explore CO-free fuel processing alternatives. In recent years, step-wise reforming of hydrocarbons has been proposed for production of CO-free hydrogen for fuel cell applications. The decomposition of hydrocarbons (first step of the step-wise reforming process) has been ...

The steady–state operation of the autothermal reformer is simulated as two reactors in series by means of a detailed mathematical model. An input-output model is selected to describe the upper combustion chamber. The possible occurrence of homogeneous steam reforming and watergas-shift (WGS) reactions is considered. The catalyst bed is represented through a one-dimensional heterogeneous model, ...

Fuel cell powered electric cars using on-board methanol or hydrocarbon reforming to produce a hydrogenrich gas represent a low-emissions alternative to gasoline internal combustion engines (ICE) with well-towheel efficiencies of 17 %. For the overall methanol process, a simplified model of the reaction network consisting of the total oxidation of methanol, the reverse water-gas shift reaction, ...

Single step combustion synthesized Cu (5–15 at.-%)/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 materials containing highly dispersed copper have been assessed for methanol steam reforming (MSR). The activity patterns suggest Cu (10 at.-%)/Ce0.80Zr0.20O2 as the most active formulation, converting ~51% methanol at 300 °C at a gas hourly space velocity of 40,000 h-1 (W/F = 0.09 s). The in situ XPS experiments carried over the m...

We describe a highly nanodispersed Pd-MgO/SiO(2) composite catalyst synthesized by an in situ, one-pot, reverse microemulsion method as a multifunctional catalyst for low-temperature CH(4) reforming. Experimental results suggested evidence for a synergistic interplay of each component and DFT calculations confirmed a multifunctional reaction mechanism of CH(4) reforming and the importance of th...

steam reforming integrated with oxidation of methanol was considered with numerical simulation. the parallel micro-channels with circular cross sections were used. because when the catalytic deposited inside the rectangular micro-channels, it fills up the edges. hence, the approximation of a cylindrical channel is appropriate. effect of this changing in cross section was considered and results ...

Professor Lawrence Gostin is the Linda D. and Timothy J. O’Neill Professor of Global Health Law at the Georgetown University Law Center, where he directs the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. Professor Gostin is the Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights. He serves on the Director-General’s Advisory Committee on R...

The Cancer Drug Fund was originally conceived as a temporary measure, until value based pricing for drugs was introduced, to give NHS cancer patients access to drugs not approved byNICE. Spending on these drugs rose from less than the £50m (€63m; $79m) budgeted for the first year in 2010-11 to well over £200m in 2013-14, and the budget for the scheme—now extended for a further two years—will re...