Beef cattle contribute about 7% of national greenhouse gas emissions through the release of methane into the atmosphere. Cattle in northern Australia produce more methane per unit of beef produced because of tropical (C4) grasses and slower average growth rates. In this paper the level of emissions from different herds and some strategies to reduce emissions are modelled. The results indicate t...

A. S. Kaboli · D. G. Carmichael · Emission and Cost Configurations in Earthmoving Operations · pp 393-402 Introduction Earthmoving operations typically involve a fleet of trucks cycling between an excavator/loader and dump points. The analysis to obtain the optimum fleet size based on minimum cost per production (unit costs) is well-established, whereas little attention has been paid to the min...

Agriculture contributes about 60% of New Zealand’s total greenhouse gas emissions. Management practices for reducing these emissions will be required to meet our future international commitments. This paper presents estimates of two practical on-farm measures for reducing total greenhouse gas emissions from an average dairy farm on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand: 1) the incor...

Australia’s transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are high and continue to grow, with current levels approximately one-third higher than in 1990 and increasing by around 1% annually. Efforts to curtail and reverse this growth have not been successful to date. In recent times, national policy development and debate has centred on market-based mechanisms to reduce GHG emissions, namely an emis...

I n the past decades, the effect of different tax amendments on various economic issues has been studied. The majority of these studies have avoided considering shadow economy as part of the calculation and analysis, and an issue, which has received little attention, is the relationship between green tax reforms and shadow economy, as for informal labor, which is well-connected to un...

VANETs, as a subset of the MANETs, have progressed remarkably in recent years. These networks have an important role in improving traffic, road safety and driver service. In vehicle Networks, vehicle can Communication by vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Since there are fewer vehicles in the environment, there is no vehicle-to-vehicle connection in some areas. Therefore, they use Road Side Unit...

Compliance with new environmental regulations for coal-fired boilers and other industrial sources has become a multi-pollutant effort in which minimizing costs is important. For example, the cost of mercury control chemicals is the largest cost associated with achieving mercury compliance under Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS). Reducing the costs associated with maintaining emissions lim...

Nowadays, Economic systems play an important role in environment's field. Along with the rapid change in global manufacturing scenario, environmental and social issues are becoming more important in managing any business. Increasing pressures and challenges to improve economic and environmental performance have been caused developing countries in generally in particular to consider and to start...