Can consumption taxes reduce inequality in developing countries? We combine household expenditure data from 31 countries with theory to shed new light on the redistributive potential and optimal design of taxes. use type store which purchases occur proxy for informal (untaxed) consumption. This enables us characterize informality Engel curve: we find that budget share spent sector steeply decli...

Languages such as High Performance Fortran implement parallel algorithms by distributing large data structures across a multicomputer system. To enhance parallelism and reduce communication, it is sometimes bene cial for a programmer to change the distribution between phases of the algorithm. We introduce a new mapping strategy, called the spiral mapping, that reduces the communication overhead...

Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was performed after exercise, 4 hours after exercise (redistribution) and after a separate rest injection in 87 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Significant coronary lesions were present in 62 of the patients. Interpretation of the rest and redistribution scintiscans was the same in 69 patients, 45 of whom had coronary artery disease (CA...

An Empirical Analysis of Trade-Related Redistribution and the Political Viability of Free Trade Even if free trade creates net welfare gains for a country as a whole, the associated distributional implications can undermine the political viability of free trade. We show that trade-related redistribution increases the political viability of free trade in the US. We do so by assessing the causal ...

In this paper, we present message encoding techniques to improve the performance of BLOCK-CYCLlC(kr) to BLOCK-CYCLIC(r) {and vice versa) array ’ redistribution algorithms. The message encoding techniques are machine independent and could be used with different algorithms. By incorporating the techniques in array redistribution algorithms, one can reduce the computation overheads and improve the...