This is a good place to point out that these are only (approximating) , and not full truth. models Truth is not a model. A model, by definition, is an approximation (and not truth). In fact, out of a few million coin flips, one or more coins will remain standing on edge – that is truth. The binomial model does not allow such reality. The idea is more easily understood for the outcomes “dead" or...

BACKGROUND Ranson's criteria are widely used to evaluate severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been demonstrated to be useful marker to predict mortality in these patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate correlation between Ranson score and RDW in patients with AP. METHODS Total of 202 patients with AP were included in the study. Pat...

We investigate the Japanese personal income distribution in the high income range over the 112 years 1887-1998, and that in the middle income range over the 44 years 1955-98. It is observed that the distribution pattern of the lognormal with power law tail is the universal structure. However the indexes specifying the distribution differ from year to year. One of the index characterizing the di...

The Gini index is a measure of the inequality of a distribution that can be derived from Lorenz curves. While commonly used in, e.g., economic research, it suffers from ambiguity via lack of Lorenz dominance preservation. Here, investigation of large sets of empirical distributions of incomes of the World's countries over several years indicated firstly, that the Gini indices are centered on a ...

Most statistics students know that the sample correlation coefficient R is used to estimate the population correlation coefficient ρ. If the pair (X, Y) has a bivariate normal distribution, this would not cause any trouble. However, if the marginals are nonnormal, particularly if they have high skewness and kurtosis, the estimated value from a sample may be quite different from the population c...

Since Hansen first noted variations in the morphology of leprosy bacilli in 1895, many investigators have given attention to such morphologic variations as revealed by staIned preparations. After the advent of antileprosy drugs, many clinicians observed rapid decrease in the proportion of uniformly stained bacilli under therapy. In 1960 Ridley first proposed a "Granularity Index" based on three...

The Poisson distribution has been widely studied and used for modeling univariate count-valued data. Multivariate generalizations of the Poisson distribution that permit dependencies, however, have been far less popular. Yet, real-world high-dimensional count-valued data found in word counts, genomics, and crime statistics, for example, exhibit rich dependencies, and motivate the need for multi...

BACKGROUND This study investigated the role of erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) and platelet distribution width (PDW) in evaluating the treatment efficacy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 120 AMI patients receiving conventional myocardial infarction treatment were included. The patients were divided into an effective group and an ineffective group based...