Mounting evidence connects the biomechanical properties of tissues to the development of eye diseases such as keratoconus, a common disease in which the cornea thins and bulges into a conical shape. However, measuring biomechanical changes in vivo with sufficient sensitivity for disease detection has proved challenging. Here, we present a first largescale study (~200 subjects, including normal ...

The hyperimmunoglobulin E syndromes (HIESs) are very rare immunodeficiency syndromes with multisystem involvement, including immune system, skeleton, connective tissue, and dentition. HIES are characterized by the classic triad of high serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), recurrent staphylococcal cold skin abscess, and recurrent pneumonia with pneumatocele formation. Most cases of HIES are s...

Aims: This study aims to reveal misconceptions about keratoconus, assess the level of knowledge among Saudi nationals and compare awareness keratoconus between affected unaffected individuals.
 Methodology: A cross-sectional was conducted through an online survey on a population that consisted over age 18 from November until December 2020 in Riyadh, Arabia population.
 Results: Three ...

Machine learning models have recently provided great promise in diagnosis of several ophthalmic disorders, including keratoconus (KCN). Keratoconus, a noninflammatory ectatic corneal disorder characterized by progressive cornea thinning, is challenging to detect as signs may be subtle. Several machine been proposed KCN, however most the are supervised and thus require large well-annotated data....

Objective The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect transepithelial accelerated cross-linking (Epi-on CXL) on macular function and morphology in progressive keratoconus. Patients Methods study included 25 patients with keratoconus age ranged between 18 32 years. Epi-On Accelerated CXL was done for all cases. Evaluation performed 2 6 weeks postoperatively after (Epi-on) by Optical coherence...

PURPOSE To demonstrate the application of multiphoton fluorescence (MF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy for ex vivo characterization of the structural alterations of human corneas due to keratoconus. METHODS Buttons of keratoconic corneas derived from penetrating keratoplasty were sent for structural analysis with a custom-built multiphoton microscope. Fluorescence detected wi...

INTRODUCTION Keratoconus and choroidal neovascularization can occur as a result of dysfunction of the epithelium and its basement membrane. CASE PRESENTATION A 17-year-old Asian man, who was diagnosed with myopic choroidal neovascularization in both eyes and who subsequently underwent intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (Lucentis(R)) five times over six months, presented with further vision...

PURPOSE To screen the visual system homebox 1 (VSX1) gene in Saudi Arabian keratoconus patients. METHODS We sequenced the entire coding region, exon-intron boundaries in clinically confirmed keratoconus patients (n=55) and 50 ethnically matched healthy controls. All cases and controls were unrelated. RESULTS Sequencing VSX1 revealed the presence of five nucleotide changes, 3 of which were n...

PURPOSE Corneal thinning disorders weaken the mechanical strength of affected corneas, suggesting that photorefractive procedures may be contraindicated in keratoconus. Few cases have been reported to confirm this hypothesis. METHODS A 45-year-old man had two laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedures and one photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) performed on his left eye, and three LASIK pr...

Background Keratoconus has classically been defined as a noninflammatory disorder, although recent studies show elevated levels of inflammatory markers suggesting that keratoconus could be, at least in part, an inflammatory condition. Heparanase upregulation has been described in multiple inflammatory disorders. In this article, we study the differential expression of heparanase in cornea and t...