We study behavior in a moonlighting game with unequal initial endowments. In this game, predictions for second-mover behavior based on inequality aversion are in contrast to reciprocity. We find that inequality aversion explains only few observations. The comparison to a treatment with equal endowments supports the conclusion that behavior is better captured by intuitive notions of reciprocity ...

We examine paraxial propagation of recently introduced optical coherence lattices in free space and demonstrate a novel phenomenon of periodicity reciprocity between their intensity and coherence properties. The periodicity reciprocity arises because an aperiodic source intensity profile of an optical coherence lattice evolves into a lattice-like far-field profile, while the periodic spectral d...

The Biquadratic Reciprocity Law is used to produce a deterministic primality test for Gaussian Mersenne norms which is analogous to the Lucas–Lehmer test for Mersenne numbers. It is shown that the proposed test could not have been obtained from the Quadratic Reciprocity Law and Proth’s Theorem. Other properties of Gaussian Mersenne norms that contribute to the search for large primes are given....

This paper investigates the impact of referee behaviour on the quality and efficiency of peer review. We focused on the importance of reciprocity motives in ensuring cooperation between all involved parties. We modelled peer review as a process based on knowledge asymmetries and subject to evaluation bias. We built various simulation scenarios in which we tested different interaction conditions...

The pay-it-forward reciprocity is a type of cooperative behavior that people who have benefited from others return favors to third parties other than the benefactors, thus pushing forward a cascade of kindness. The phenomenon of the pay-it-forward reciprocity is ubiquitous, yet how it evolves to be part of human sociality has not been fully understood. We develop an evolutionary dynamics model ...

A preference for negative reciprocity is an important part of the human emotional repertoire. We model its role in sustaining cooperative behavior but highlight an intrinsic free-rider problem: the fitness benefits of negative reciprocity are dispersed throughout the entire group, but the fitness costs are borne personally. Evolutionary forces tend to unravel people’s willingness to bear the pe...

The evolution of resource sharing requires that the fitness benefits to the recipients be much higher than the costs to the giver, which requires heterogeneity among individuals in the fitness value of acquiring additional resources. We develop four models of the evolution of resource sharing by either direct or indirect reciprocity, with equal or unequal partners. Evolution of resource sharing...

The purpose of this study is to examine altruistic behavior (altruism) and egotistic behavior (reciprocity and reputation) regarding online group repurchasing intention. Data collected from 282 online group shoppers in an online shopping store provided support for the proposed model. The findings of the study shows that altruism is relevant to online group buying, and trust and satisfaction hav...

Quadratic Reciprocity is arguably the most important theorem taught in an elementary number theory course. Since Gauss’ original 1796 proof (by induction!) appeared, more than 100 different proofs have been discovered. Here I present one proof which is not particularly well-known, due to George Rousseau [2]. (The proof was rediscovered more recently by (then) high-schooler Tim Kunisky [1].) Alt...