This paper applies the idea of a winner-take-all constraint satisfaction system like that found in Optimality Theory to human sentence parsing. Three sets of constraints, each of which is derived from a parsing theory from the current literature, are attempted. The empirical data considered here do not seem to be consistent with any of these theories. It is argued that a cumulative constraint w...

1. Introduction. SVO, SOV, VSO and VOS are all well-attested basic word orders in different languages. It is not clear however how to formally motivate why this type of variation at the base exists. In this paper, I intend to look at unmarked word orders in different languages and explain why there is variation at the base. I will propose an analysis within Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolens...

In a series of recent publications (most notably Boersma (1998); see also Boersma and Hayes (2001)), Paul Boersma has developed a stochastic generalization of standard Optimality Theory in the sense of Prince and Smolensky (1993). While a classical OT grammar maps a set of candidates to its optimal element (or elements), in Boersma’s Stochastic Optimality Theory (StOT for short) a grammar defin...

The present chapter discusses Optimality-Theoretic approaches to language change in Spanish, reviewing a number of works that invoke not only the interaction of faithfulness and markedness constraints, but also the role of perceptual, cognitive, systemic and external influences on linguistic structure and change at the level of segment and segmental inventory, syllableand prosodic structure, an...

Weighted nite-state constraints that can count unboundedly many violations make Optimality Theory more powerful than nite-state transduction (Frank and Satta, 1998). This result is empirically and computationally awkward. We propose replacing these unbounded constraints, as well as nonnite-state Generalized Alignment constraints, with a new class of nite-state directional constraints. We give l...

0. Introduction In developing generative theories of syntax the challenge has long been to reconcile two opposite kinds of empirical evidence. On the one hand, there is substantial evidence that languages of the world are deeply similar; on the other, there is also substantial evidence that they differ on the surface. For example, there are languages which allow sentences without a pronounced s...

How much terrestrial precipitation is used by vegetation and how runs off, represents central issues in hydrologic science, ecology, climate change, even geopolitics. We present a theory for the water balance to predict fractional change streamflow due given changes temperature precipitation. The involves single parameter whose value derived under conditions of neither energy- nor water-limitat...

Based on the theory of differential games and guided by realization value co-creation, this paper discusses co-creation a technology innovation platform, scientific layer, support layer in digital ecosystem. Given dynamic change characteristics resource integration, constructs game decision model. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Stackelberg master–slave collaborative model have incentive ef...