ing from the statistical detail of these changes, the cautionary implication for policy-makers is clear: to the extent that inputs like the economy’s growth rate are used in the policy formation process, the substantial inherent uncertainty surrounding such data needs to be recognised. This uncertainty complicates the task of responding to the ‘true’ state of the economy, and suggests the dange...

Most data and evidence on the economic burden of brucellosis and the benefits of its control are from high-income and middle-income countries. However, the burden of brucellosis is greatest in low-income countries. This paper focuses on estimating the economic burdens of brucellosis in low-income countries in tropical Asia and Africa. The prospects for national, technically feasible, and econom...

We present theory and evidence to suggest that, in the context of analysing global poverty, the EKS approach to estimating purchasing power parities yields more appropriate international comparison of real incomes than the Geary-Khamis approach. Our analysis of the 1996 International Comparison Project data confirms that the Geary-Khamis approach leads to substantial overstatement of the relati...

The study of poverty and income in equality are the most important subjects of social/ economic research in agriculture sector. The present study focuses on poverty and income inequality among pistachio growers in Kerman province. Absolute poverty line, relative poverty line, poverty gap and intensity were calculated. Also income distribution was investigated using Ginny coefficient, Lorenz cur...

__________________________________________________________________ International trade is frequently thought of as a production technology in which the inputs are exports and the outputs are imports. Exports are transformed into imports at the rate of the price of exports relative to the price of imports: the reciprocal of the terms of trade. Cast this way, a change in the terms of trade acts a...

In the actual rule (which we simplify somewhat in the text), Social Security taxable earnings (SSTE) are first indexed (adjusted) to reflect real dollar values by using national average wages for the year the beneficiary reaches age 60. The SSTE is also capped by a maximum value and this cap has increased over time (see Table A1). Once indexed, the 35 highest adjusted SSTE years are selected to...

The importance of integrating services with housing to help low-income families achieve stability is gaining recognition. The variations in types of existing housing and service initiatives have produced a complex language with multiple meanings and overlapping definitions. The National Low Income Housing Coalition proposes the umbrella term housing plus services to refer to these programs. Fol...