Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) has several advantages over destination-based IP routing protocols: it allows to setup end to end paths explicitly (also called label switched paths, LSP), to better monitor the traffic on these LSPs, to perform admission control, etc. While routing along a LSP is considered faster than IP routing, the operation of changing a LSP pipe requires processing and...

For many network server applications, extracting the maximum performance or scalability from the hardware may no longer be much of a concern, given today’s pricing – a $300 system can easily handle 100 Mbps of Web server traffic, which would cost nearly $30,000 per month in most areas. Freed from worrying about absolute performance, we re-examine the design space for simplicity and security, an...

An experiment featuring waterhammer in viscoelastic pipes is presented in which the effects of pipe-wall viscoelasticity on waterhammer pressures are investigated. A large-scale pipeline apparatus made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) at Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands, has been used to carry out waterhammer experiments. Tests have been conducted in a reservoir-pipeline-valve system consisting of a...

according to the irrigation systems design standards, allowed pressure variation in lateral pipes is 20 percent. reasons for this rate selection, which since the 60's is performed, are not known. the increased changes in allowed pressure tubes to lateral pipes design, the increased sprinkling system required pressure and the increased nonuniform sprinkler distribution, so energy supply cos...

In the title compound, (C(8)H(20)N)[Re(C(9)H(5)N(2)O(2))Cl(CO)(3)], the Re(I) atom is coordinated facially by three carbonyl groups, the bidentate quinoxaline-2-carbaldehyde ligand and a chloride atom, forming a distorted octahedral geometry.. The crystal packing is controlled by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking inter-actions involving the benzene rings, with a centroid-centroid distance...

The paper describes KURT, an autonomous robot platform prototype that is able to navigate through a network of sewage pipes. KURT is a six-wheeled vehicle; it has modular, layered hardware and control architectures. Its sensor connguration consists mainly of stationary and one exible ultrasound transducers and of two inclinometers. In experiments run in a test sewerage system consisting of conc...

We would like to congratulate Gentile and Siobal on their review article concerning the recent advances in equipment for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia,1 in which they reported different techniques to clear the subglottic secretions that accumulate during intubation. At the time of extubation, they described applying a positive pressure gradient just prior to cuff deflation. T...

Climate change occasioned by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is now widely accepted as an issue which mankind needs to address. The starting point is necessarily the determination of all the sources of emissions during the life-cycles of the studied components. Post-calculation, the results ought to be presented to decision-makers in a clear manner so as to provide the basis on whic...