We are constructing a model which aims to reproduce observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray origin and propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and positrons,-rays, and synchrotron radiation. These data provide many independent constraints on any model. Propagation of primary and secondary nucleons, primary and secondary electrons and positrons are calcu...

Although cosmic rays were discovered a century ago, we do not know where or how they are accelerated. There is a realistic hope that the oldest problem in astronomy will be solved soon by ambitious experimentation: air shower arrays of 10,000 kilometer-square area, arrays of air Cerenkov telescopes and kilometer-scale neutrino observatories. Their predecessors are producing science. We will rev...

The ISM of active galaxy centers is exposed to a combination of cosmic ray, FUV and X-ray radiation. We apply PDR models to this ISM with both 'nor-mal' and highly elevated (5 × 10 −15 s −1) cosmic-ray rates and compare the results to those obtained for XDRs. Our existing PDR-XDR code is used to construct models over a 10 3 − 10 5 cm −3 density range and for 0.16-160 erg s −1 cm −2 im-pingent f...

ESA's INTEGRAL space mission has achieved unique results for solar and terrestrial physics, although spacecraft operations nominally excluded the possibility to point at Sun or Earth. The Earth avoidance was, however, exceptionally relaxed special occultation observations of Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB), which on some occasions allowed detection strong auroral emission. In addition, most inten...

We have developed a model which aims to reproduce observational data of many kinds related to cosmic-ray origin and propagation: direct measurements of nuclei, antiprotons, electrons and positrons, γ-rays, and synchrotron radiation. Our main results include evaluation of diffusion/convection and reacceleration models, estimates of the halo size, calculations of the interstellar positron and ant...

PurposeTo establish an objective method of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) that can assist in the diagnosis glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS).MethodsFDG-PET was performed 8 patients with a mean age 12.5 years (range, 2–22 years) GLUT1-DS. Their PET findings were compared those 45 controls 11.2 2–21 by statistical parametric mapping (SPM12, Welc...