High energy 2D X-ray powder diffraction experiments are widely used for lattice strain measurement. The 2D to 1D conversion of diffraction patterns is a necessary step used to prepare the data for full pattern refinement, but is inefficient when only peak centre position information is required for lattice strain evaluation. The multi-step conversion process is likely to lead to increased error...

silica exists in rice husk, an agriculture waste, as a naturally occurring phase. in first step, acidic pre-treatment and calcination of the rice husk were performed to obtain nano-silica, in which various sizes of the nano-silica, totally with sizes under 80 nm, were achieved. second, to reduce nano-silica to elemental si and subsequently formation of the composite, mg used as the reducing age...

Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging is a promising technique for visualizing the structures of non-crystalline particles with dimensions of micrometers to sub-micrometers. Recently, X-ray free-electron laser sources have enabled efficient experiments in the `diffraction before destruction' scheme. Diffraction experiments have been conducted at SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free-electron LAser (SACLA...

To clarify the relaxation behavior of compressive residual stress during first push and pull loading cycle, an in situ X-ray measurement method was formulated, which a fine particle peening-treated hourglass-shaped specimen fixed on axial-loading fatigue testing machine, surface specimen—which is sum applied stress—was directly measured via diffraction without removing from machine. A noticeabl...

Introduction Individual X-Ray diffraction patterns of biological tissues are obtained via interference of coherent scattering with their electrons. Many scientists have distinguished normal and cancerous breast tissue, bone density, and urinary stone types using the X-Ray diffraction patterns resulting from coherent scattering. The goal of this study was to introduce an optimized method for obt...

Knowledge of internal stress-strain in bone tissue is important for clinical diagnosis and remedies. The inorganic mineral phase of apatite crystals in bone composite, because of its crystalline nature, provides a reliable way of measurement through X-ray diffraction system. Use of two-dimensional detector, imaging plate (IP), is considered to expedite the process with much more information, he...

LLE Review, Volume 83 119 Introduction X-ray imaging and x-ray spectroscopy are used in laser– plasma-generated physics research to diagnose conditions in the laser targets. Examples of techniques used to image x-ray emission are pinhole cameras, Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) microscopes, curved crystal optics, and Wölter microscopes.1–3 All spectroscopic diagnostics rely also on spatial resolution to ...

The diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS) method that is a spectroscopic analysis combined with resonant X-ray diffraction enables the determination of the valence state and local structure of a selected element at a specific crystalline site and/or phase. This method has been improved by using a polycrystalline sample, channel-cut monochromator optics with an undulator synchrotron radiat...

A two-dimensional quantitative XRD measurement of the orientation of biological apatite (BAp) in an isolated trabecula of a mouse ulna was made using a transmission mode X-ray diffraction system with a 0.3 mm diameter parallel beam MoKα source. The same measurement was done with CuKα radiation. Copper Kα is the most commonly used radiation for powder diffraction because it provides good resolut...