this paper provides a critical perspective on entrepreneurial characteristics and gives an input to the discussion on the influence of entrepreneurial leadership, communication skills, determination and motivation on sales and customer satisfaction. it also presents the findings from an empirical study examining the structural effect of these four entrepreneurial characteristics on performance....

UNLABELLED Most Internet vendors offer tax-free cigarettes making them cheaper than those sold at stores. This undermines the impact that higher prices have upon reducing consumption. Most Internet tobacco sales have violated taxation and youth access laws, which led to landmark voluntary agreements in 2005 with the major credit card companies and major private shippers to ban payment transacti...

today, many companies have multiple channels, such as sales force, direct mail / catalog, internet and broadcast channels, telephone, etc. for providing goods and services to its customers. multiple distribution channels, despite having benefits, several challenges such as the incidence of conflict, allocation of product, free ride some members have being emerged. the aim of this study was to i...

broadly during the 1930s depression and At least seven states have acted within was imposed mostly on goods. Administhe past three years to selectively tax intrative ease of collecting the tax, and podividual services under the sales tax, and litical advantage led to retailers rather at least ten states have given serious conthan individuals remitting the tax. Over sideration to major base refo...

Sales contests are commonly used by firms as a short-term motivational device to increase salespeople’s efforts. Conceptually, sales contests and piece-rate schemes, such as salary, commission, or quotas, differ in that in sales contests payment to salespeople is based on relative rather than absolute sales levels. Using the agency theoretic framework where the firm is risk neutral and the sale...

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is reported to be the leading contributor to premature death globally. It was repeatedly emphasized that excessive alcohol intake (binge drinking) is an independent risk factor for HTN. Recent research evidence suggests that the consumption of different types of alcoholic beverage may have a differential effect on HTN disease rate. Objective: The aim of this study...

OBJECTIVE We estimated the strength and direction of the association between product characteristics (beer type, package size, and brand name) and market-area socioeconomic characteristics, and promoted sales of beer in grocery stores. METHOD Supermarket scanner data from 64 market areas across the United States over 5 years were used to estimate regression models of the share of beer sales t...

OBJECTIVES Many European countries regulate the markets for prescription drugs in order to cope with rising health expenditures. On the other hand, regulation distorts incentives to invest in pharmaceutical R&D. This study aims at empirically assessing the impact of regulation on pharmaceutical R&D expenditures. METHODS We analyze a sample of 20 leading pharmaceutical companies between 2000 a...