Tumour initiation and progression are driven by constitutively activated oncogenes mediating deregulation of the balance between cell deathand survival pathways. Among the most relevant signalling cascades activated in the majority of tumour types, the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK), the phosphatidyl inositol-3kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/PKB) and the protein kinases C (PKC) s...

Por phyry de pos its in Brit ish Co lum bia have pro duced more than $27 bil lion worth of cop per and gold. They formed dur ing two dis tinct pe ri ods in the de vel op ment of the Cor dil lera: the first in the Late Tri as sic to Early Ju ras sic and the sec ond in the Cre ta ceous to Eocene. Most por phyry pro duc tion has come from the south ern part of Quesnel Terrane, where two cy cles of...

Background: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among females. K-ras codon 12 mutations are commonly occurring mutations in different types of cancers and leads to resistance against anti-EGFR therapeutics. Hence, determination of mutations in k-ras gene is crucial for predicting response to anti-EGFR therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of k...

The study investigated whether there was any significant generic difference between the Research Questions (RQs) and Method sections of applied linguistics research articles (RAs) published in international and local Iranian journals. Two hundred applied linguistics RAs (100 from each group) were selected from 5 SSCI-indexed international journals and 5 Iranian Scientific-Research (Elmi-Pazhouh...

statement of problem: recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ras) is one of the most common diseases affecting the oral mucosa. many topical and systemic medications used to treat ras have adverse local and systemic effects. chamomill (kamillosan) has been shown to be an effective drug, without any noticeable side effects. purpose: the aim of present study was to assess the efficacy of a chamomill mout...

The RAS (mitogen-activated protein kinase) MAPK pathway is commonly deregulated in human cancer, including childhood acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). Canonical strong activating somatic mutation of RAS-MAPK pathway genes are recurrently found in AMLs. They affect integral components of the pathway, and upstream activators, and include NRAS, KRAS, BRAF, PTPN11, and FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (...

Human cells contain four homologous Ras proteins, but it is unknown whether these homologues have different biological functions. As a first step in determining if Ras homologues might participate in distinct signaling cascades, we assessed whether a given Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor could selectively activate a single Ras homologue in vivo. We found that Ras-GRF/Cdc25Mm activates Ha...