BACKGROUND Interventions based in the community can be evaluated by randomising clusters, such as general practices, rather than individuals, as in conventional randomised trials. This increases the sample size needed because of intracluster correlation. AIMS To estimate sample size requirements for cluster randomised trials of interventions based in general practice directed at common health...

E-learning has been widely used in higher education as it provides better access to learning resources online, utilising technology enhance learning. Despite growing evidence claiming that e-learning is effective traditional means of learning, the still very limited. This protocol aims measure impact compared face-to-face both measured and perceived, on health sciences – terms improving student...

PURPOSE medication problems are thought to cause between 10 and 30% of all hospital admissions in older people. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions led by hospital or community pharmacists in reducing unplanned hospital admissions for older people. METHODS eighteen databases were searched with a customised search strategy. Relevant websites and referenc...

To identify the rate of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after isolated distal deep venous thrombosis (IDDVT) by performing a meta-analysis PTS across randomised and observational studies. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Clinicaltrials.gov, European Union Clinical Trials, International Standard Randomised Trial Number, Australian New-Zealand Registries. This review followed ...

BACKGROUND Several reviews of published cluster randomised trials have reported that about half did not take clustering into account in the analysis, which was thus incorrect and potentially misleading. In this paper I ask whether cluster randomised trials are increasing in both number and quality of reporting. METHODS Computer search for papers on cluster randomised trials since 1980, hand s...

BACKGROUND Missing data are a potential source of bias, and their handling in the statistical analysis can have an important impact on both the likelihood and degree of such bias. Inadequate handling of the missing data may also result in invalid variance estimation. The handling of missing values is more complex in cluster randomised trials, but there are no reviews of practice in this field. ...

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic disorder that is associated with significant disability and health care costs. The purpose of this paper is to review and assess published randomised controlled trials examining the clinical effectiveness of interventions for IBS for 1987-1998. A literature search was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials of IBS treatments: 45 stud...

Objective To assess the quality of reporting adverse events in clinical trials covid-19 drugs based on CONSORT (Consolidated Standards Reporting Trials) harms extension and according to trial design, examine serious drug published PubMed versus summaries ClinicalTrials.gov. Design Systematic review. Data sources ClinicalTrials.gov registries were searched from 1 December 2019 17 February 2022. ...