BACKGROUND In New Zealand, a public health programme on gambling policy development is part of a national gambling harm reduction and prevention strategy mandated by the Gambling Act 2003. Funded by the Ministry of Health, the programme directs workplace/organisational gambling policies, non-gambling fundraising policies, and local council policies on electronic gaming machines (EGMs). We carri...

This paper examines a puzzling inconsistency between the theoretical prediction of private provisions to public goods and actual fundraising behavior. While fundraisers often choose to announce past contributions, economic theory predicts that contributions will be largest when donors are uninformed of the contributions made by others. This paper suggests that an announcement strategy may be op...

We present evidence from a natural field experiment and structural model designed to shed light on the efficacy of alternative fundraising schemes. In conjunction with the Bavarian State Opera, we mailed 25,000 opera attendees a letter describing a charitable fundraising project organized by the opera house. Recipients were randomly assigned to six treatments designed to explore behavioral resp...

The empirical literature on the determinants of charities’ donation income, distinguishing the charitable cause, is small. We consider the case of development charities specifically. Using a panel covering a quarter of a century, we observe a strong fundraising effect and a unitary household income elasticity. We find evidence that the conventionally identified ‘price’effectmay simply be the pr...

We present evidence from a natural field experiment designed to shed light on the efficacy of alternative fundraising schemes. In conjunction with the Bavarian State Opera House, we mailed 25,000 regular opera attendees a letter describing a charitable fundraising project organized by the opera house. Recipients were randomly assigned to six treatments designed to explore behavioral responses t...

Research has shown that extrinsic incentives can crowd out intrinsic motivation in many contexts. Despite this, many nonprofits offer conditional thank-you gifts, such as mugs or tote bags, in exchange for donations. In collaboration with a nonprofit, this study implements a direct mail field experiment and demonstrates that thank-you gifts reduced donation rates in a fundraising campaign. Atte...

in this article, the low back vowel /a/ in word-final positions in eghlidian dialect, one of persian dialects, is studied. this vowel is represented phonetically as [a], [o] and [@] in different phonetic environments. therefore many words were collected via interviewing ten native speakers so that these different alternant forms can be accounted for appropriately. since one of the authors of th...

the current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of consciousness training on reducing anxiety and depression of first and second female graders in high school. it used a quasi-experimental research method. moreover, it utilized cluster randomized sampling; hence, the high schools were randomly selected from the city of ilam. beck and zong anxiety questionnaires were administered among 1...

In this paper two external schema generation algorithms are presented. These algorithms are defined in the framework of the new external schema definition methodology for OODBs put forward in (Samos, 1995); they generate an external schema from a set of classes selected from those existing in an external schema definition repository. Their main characteristic is that they avoid the generation o...