We conducted this study to evaluate the use of rail fixation system in infected gap non-union of femur and tibia as an alternative to the established Ilizarov circular fixator technique. Prospective study. The study was done in the Department of Orthopaedic surgery in a medical school and level I trauma center to which the authors are/were affiliated. Between June 2010 and June 2015, 40 patient...

A rail transit network usually represents the core of a city’s public transportation system. The overall topological structures and functional features of a public transportation network, therefore, must be fully understood to assist the safety management of rail transit and planning for sustainable development. Based on the complex network theory, this study took the Beijing Subway system (BSS...

In the United States, Light Rail Transit (LRT) systems have become a popular transportation alternative. Minnesota built its first light rail system in 2004 with the Hiawatha Line and additional projects are underway in the Minneapolis and St. Paul area. While light rail systems are attractive to commuters, they are expensive to construct and careful planning is ongoing to ensure their effectiv...

Increased traffic speeds and axle loads on modern railways enhance rail track degradation. To eliminate track failure due to rail defects, a condition monitoring system requires methods for the early detection of defects which grow in service. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring is the only non-destructive technique which might be applied online to study the defect growth under traffic loading. H...

Every year, more than 400 people are killed in over 1200 accidents at road-rail level crossings in the European Union. Together with tunnels and specific road black spots, level crossings (LC) have been identified as being a particular weak point in road infrastructure, seriously jeopardizing road safety. Safety at LC is a single part of a wider picture of transport safety within the whole tran...

the vibrations produced by trains include two parts which are deterministic and random vibrations. due to variation of dynamic loads and patterns of load-time, the random vibration of moving train is one of the most important issues in the field of railway engineering. one of the important sources in producing the train vibrations is rail roughness and irregularities. in this paper, responses o...

There are approximately 261,000 rail crossings in the United States according to the studies by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). From 1993 to 1998, there were over 25,000 highway-rail crossing incidents involving motor vehicles averaging 4,167 incidents a year. In this paper, we present a real-time computer vision system for t...

This paper presents a study of state estimation for active steering of profiled wheels. Fundamental characteristics of a solid-axle wheelset are explained and the potential benefits of active steering are discussed. The paper studies the non-linearity of the wheelset caused by profiled wheel-rail contact surfaces and develops a recursive non-linear Kalman filter to provide reliable and accurate...

Four power-rail electrostatic-discharge (ESD) clamp circuits with different ESD-transient detection circuits have been fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process to investigate their susceptibility against electrical fast-transient (EFT) tests. Under EFT tests, where the integrated circuits in a microelectronic system have been powered up, the feedback loop used in the power-rail ESD clamp circuits m...

Four power-rail electrostatic-discharge (ESD) clamp 4 circuits with different ESD-transient detection circuits have been 5 fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process to investigate their sus6 ceptibility against electrical fast-transient (EFT) tests. Under EFT AQ1 7 tests, where the integrated circuits in a microelectronic system 8 have been powered up, the feedback loop used in the power-rail 9 ESD ...