Timing of breast reconstruction after mastectomy is determined primarily by patient factors and the need for postmastectomy radiation therapy. If the risk of needing postmastectomy radiation is low, then immediate reconstruction produces the optimal aesthetic result. If the risk of needing postmastectomy radiation is high, then delayed reconstruction is preferable to optimize both radiation del...

This special report aims to inform the medical community about the many challenges involved in managing radiation exposure in a way that maximizes the benefit-risk ratio. The report discusses the state of current knowledge and key questions in regard to sources of medical imaging radiation exposure, radiation risk estimation, dose reduction strategies, and regulatory options.

Estimates of the risk of radiation carcinogenesis from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE) is reviewed. The NASA Space Cancer Risk (NSCR) model (2010) [1-3] was developed as a revision to the model from the NCRP Report 132 (2000) based on more recent epidemiology data and the formulation of track structure based radiation quality factors for solid cancer and leukemia risk...

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the cancers that reveal increased risk of mortality and incidence in atomic bomb survivors. The incidence of gastric cancer in the Life Span Study cohort of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) increased with radiation dose (gender-averaged excess relative risk per Gy = 0.28) and remains high more than 65 years after exposure. To assess a possible role ...

AIMS In cervical cancer patients with intermediate-risk factors, the optimal adjuvant therapy is still controversial. We retrospectively compared the treatment outcome of chemoradiation with that of radiation. METHODS From 1997 to 2005, 79 consecutive cervical cancer patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy indicated by intermediate-risk factors. Fifty-five women received chemoradiati...

BACKGROUND Children with heart disease are frequently exposed to imaging examinations that use ionizing radiation. Although radiation exposure is potentially carcinogenic, there are limited data on cumulative exposure and the associated cancer risk. We evaluated the cumulative effective dose of radiation from all radiation examinations to estimate the lifetime attributable risk of cancer in chi...

BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy in the United States. Ionizing radiation is an established risk factor in certain populations, including cancer survivors. We quantified the association between ionizing radiation dose and the risk of BCC in childhood cancer survivors. METHODS Participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study who reported a BCC (case subjec...

introduction: ionizing radiation induces various kinds of dna damage in which may lead to chromosomal aberrations (ca). inspite of growing importance in the risk assessment, the dose yield kinetics of ca and their implications for dose assessment are not well established in exposures to low level radiation. in the present study, cytochalasin-b blocked micronucleus assay and metaphase analysis w...

Long-term radiation exposure affects human health. Ionizing radiation has long been known to raise the risk of cancer. In addition to high doses of radiation, low-dose ionizing radiation might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, lens opacity, and some other non-cancerous diseases. Low- and high-dose exposures to ionizing radiation elicit different signaling events at the molecular leve...