Xenopus oligodendrocytes and aspects of their differentiation were analyzed in vitro and in vivo using cell- and stage-specific antibodies. Undifferentiated oligodendrocytes were derived from optic nerves or spinal cords. They divided in vitro, were of elongated shape, were glial fibrillary acidic protein and O4 positive, transiently exhibited several antigens including HNK-1 and L1, and promot...

Cupping of the optic disc associated with the atrophy of the optic nerve is one of the earliest recognizable signs of glaucoma . Measurements of the optic cup changes would provide objective evaluation in early diagnosis and therapy of glaucomatous eyes, by following the course of the patient in relation to the loss of visual field and medical or surgical control . A semi-analytical photogramme...

BACKGROUND Perfusion of the optic nerve has been widely studied using fluorescein angiography (FAG), which is currently regarded as the criterion standard. However, FAG has adverse effects associated with intravenous contrast administration and is limited in its capacity to characterize and stratify the different vascular layers of the optic nerve and retina. The use of new imaging techniques, ...

CONTEXT Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in adults with bipolar disorder (BD) indicate altered white matter (WM) in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC), potentially underlying abnormal prefrontal corticolimbic connectivity and mood dysregulation in BD. OBJECTIVE To use tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to examine WM skeleton (ie, the most compact whole-brain WM) in subjects w...

BACKGROUND The contribution of the sacroiliac joint to low back and lower extremity pain has been a subject of debate with extensive research. It is generally accepted that approximately 10% to 25% of patients with persistent low back pain may have pain arising from the sacroiliac joints. In spite of this, there are currently no definite conservative, interventional, or surgical management opti...

BACKGROUND Therapeutic lumbar facet joint interventions are implemented to provide long-term pain relief after the facet joint has been identified as the basis for low back pain. The therapeutic lumbar facet joint interventions generally used for the treatment of low back pain of facet joint origin are intraarticular facet joint injections, lumbar facet joint nerve blocks, and radiofrequency ne...

Fishes have remarkable ability to effectively rebuild the structure of nerve cells and nerve fibers after central nervous system injury. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In order to address this issue, we investigated the proliferation and apoptosis of cells in contralateral and ipsilateral optic nerves, after stab wound injury to the eye of an adult trout Oncorhynchus my...

The perception and control of self-movement relies on visual cues derived from the radial patterns of optic flow and from the relative motion of objects within view. Optic flow and object motion processing impairments might limit independent self-movement in a manner like that seen in ageing and in Alzheimer's disease. We used optic flow and object motion stimuli to simulate aspects of the self...

Morning glory syndrome is a congenital anomaly of the posterior pole which is characterised by an ectasia of the posterior pole of the fundus involving the optic disc. In addition there is a slightly protruding pigment ring in the peripapillary area, and nonbranching veins protrude in radial formation from the ectasia. Recognition of veins and arteries is always difficult. The peripheral retina...

Glaucoma causes variations of the optic nerve head (ONH). We propose an approach to describe the inter subject variability of the ONH by dense deformation fields produced by non-rigid registration. Non-glaucoma but acquisition related variations are eliminated in a preprocessing step. Standard non-rigid registration was extended by a radial smoothing regularizer to preserve the ONH natural circ...