Whole-cell voltage recordings were made in vivo from subsequently reconstructed pyramidal neurons (n = 30) in layer 3 (L3) and layer 2 (L2) of the barrel cortex of urethane-anaesthetised rats. Average resting membrane potentials were well below (15-40 mV) action potential (AP) initiation threshold. The average spontaneous AP activity (0.068 +/- 0.22 APs s-1) was low. Principal whisker (PW) defl...

Proof. we’re following an argument from (Grötschel, Lovász, and Schrijver 1984); proof is provided for completeness. Assume we are given an oracle O that computes LPw. Consider another polyhedron P◦ w = {y : yx ≤ 1,∀x ∈ Pw}. For any y, we can decide whether y ∈ P◦ w by solving an instance of LPw: max yx, s.t. x ∈ Pw. This can be computed by oracle O and output an optimal solution x∗. If yTx∗ ≤ ...

Muscle endurance measurement using a progressive workload method may reduce pain sensation in the subject. This study aimed to examine the relationships between force-time parameters during sustained static gripping as measured by maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using either a progressive workload (PW) or a constant workload (CW). Sixteen subjects performed sustained static gripping with 7 ...

OBJECTIVE To describe how men and women experience their use of powered wheelchairs (PW) and powered scooters (PS) in everyday occupations, in the home and in society at large. METHODS A qualitative research approach with focus-group methodology was used. Four focus groups were created, with men and women as well as PW and PS users in different groups. Applying a descriptive approach, data we...

A mass problem is a set of Turing oracles. If P and Q are mass problems, we say that P is weakly reducible to Q if every member of Q Turing computes a member of P . We say that P is strongly reducible to Q if every member of Q Turing computes a member of P via a fixed Turing functional. The weak degrees and strong degrees are the equivalence classes of mass problems under weak and strong reduci...

BACKGROUND Postweaning is a critical developmental stage during which the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) undergoes major changes and the brain is vulnerable to the effects of stress. Surprisingly, the engagement of the mPFC in extinction of fear was reported to be identical in postweanling (PW) and adult animals. Here, we examined whether the effect of stress on extinction and mPFC plasticity ...

PURPOSE Sugarcane juice (ScJ) is a natural drink popular in most tropical Asian regions. However, research on its effect in enhancing sports performance is limited. The present investigation was to study the effect of sugarcane juice on exercise metabolism and sport performance of athletes in comparison to a commercially available sports drinks. METHODS Fifteen male athletes (18-25 yrs) were ...

A total of 275 steer calves from 17 farms in Tennessee were used to study the influence of pretransit management and posttransit B vitamin supplementation on calf performance and health. Pretransit treatments were : (1) weaned the day of sale and fed hay at the order buyer barn (Control C), (2) weaned the day of sale and fed a 50% concentrate, high antibiotic diet in an order buyer barn for 3 d...

Aims The aims of this study include (i) pursuing data-mining experiments on the Angiotensin II-Antagonist in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (ANTIPAF-AFNET 2) trial dataset containing atrial fibrillation (AF) burden scores of patients with many clinical parameters and (ii) revealing possible correlations between the estimated risk factors of AF and other clinical findings or measurements provide...

PURPOSE To determine whether perfusion abnormalities are depicted on arterial spin-labeling (ASL) images obtained in patients with normal bolus perfusion-weighted (PW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and written informed patient consent were obtained. This study was HIPAA compliant. Consecutive patients suspected or known to ...