A n 80-year–old man with known coronary artery disease presented with progressively worsening shortness of breath over the past few weeks. On transthoracic echocar-diography (TTE) examination he was found to have severe aortic stenosis with an aortic valve area of 0.8 cm 2. Maximum aortic valve velocity was 4.25 m/s, peak gradient was 72.2 mm Hg with a mean gradient of 43.0 mm Hg, and mild aor-...

Paravalvular leak (PVL) is a frequent complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and is seen at a much higher rate after TAVR than after conventional surgical aortic valve replacement. Recent reports indicating that PVL may be correlated with increased late mortality have raised concerns. However, the heterogeneity of methods for assessing and quantifying PVL, and lack of con...

The utility of real-time sonography in the diagnosis of neonatal periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) has been described only recently. Six cases are reported of PVL diagnosed by serial real-time scanning. The sonographic findings were correlated with the computed tomographic findings and the clinical history. In five of six infants in whom scanning was performed, characteristic multiseptated per...

AIM To elucidate the profile of the salivary proteome. METHODS Unstimulated whole mouth saliva was collected from 30 volunteers [15 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) patients and 15 controls] and proteins were submitted for mass spectrometry-based proteomics using the discovery approach, followed by analyses of variance and logistic regression tests. RESULTS A total of two hundred a...

Real-time signal processing consumes the majority of the world’s computing power. Increasingly, programmable parallel microprocessors are used to address a wide variety of signal processing applications (e.g. scientific, video, wireless, medical, communication, encoding, radar, sonar and imaging). In programmable systems the major challenge is no longer hardware but software. Specifically, the ...

The history of Panton Valentine leucocidin (PVL), one of the toxins of Staphylococcus aureus, began in 1894, 24 years after Sir Alexander Ogston and Louis Pasteur had reproduced human pyemic infections in mice and rabbits by inoculating pus or pus-derived cultures (11,14). The torch of PVL research was then handed down over the decades between small groups of scientists fascinated by S. aureus ...

Over the last seven years Primary Care establishments in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines have dealt with a number of severe and fatal infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) producing Staphylococcus aureus, and appear to be seeing these infections more commonly than their civilian colleagues. This retrospective study looked at the levels of PVL S. aureus isolated in deployed per...

A potential complication of mitral valve replacement surgery is the development of a paravalvular leak (PVL). Percutaneous transcatheter closures of PVLs using a wide array of devices have been reported in the literature, although the procedural success rate of this approach remains variable. One major challenge of transcatheter mitral PVL closure lies in the ability to adequately visualize the...

When the association of paravalvular leak (PVL) and increased mortality was first described in 2012 at the 2-year PARTNER I presentation (1), the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) community reacted with great concern that this promising technology was beginning to show signs of weakness. Since then, a great deal of data has been reported from multiple registries confirming this asso...