Inhibitory neurons have been shown to perform a variety of functions within brain circuits, including shaping response functions in target cells. Still, how the properties of specific inhibitory neuron classes relate to their local circuits remains unclear. To better understand the distribution and origins of orientation selectivity in inhibitory neurons expressing the calcium binding protein p...

Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) affects ∼35% of humans older than sixty-five years. Symptoms of presbycusis include impaired discrimination of sounds with fast temporal features, such as those present in speech. Such symptoms likely arise because of central auditory system plasticity, but the underlying components are incompletely characterized. The rapid spiking inhibitory interneurons ...

As demand for silicon photovoltaic (PV) material increases, so does the need for cost-effective feedstock and production methods that will allow enhanced penetration of silicon PV into the total energy market. The focus on cost minimization for production of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) PV has led to relaxed feedstock purity requirements, which has also introduced undesirable characteristi...

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and polycythemia vera (PV) are chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. PMF and, to a lesser degree, PV are characterized by constitutive mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and progenitor cells (HPC) into the peripheral blood (PB). The interaction between the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 plays a pivotal role in determining the trafficking of CD34(...

The prevailing view is that striatal parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons primarily function to downregulate medium spiny projection neuron (MSN) activity via monosynaptic inhibitory signaling. Here, by combining in vivo neural recordings and optogenetics, we unexpectedly find that both suppressing and over-activating PV cells attenuates spontaneous MSN activity. To account for this, we find ...

We evaluated the NOD/SCID engraftment of CD34(+) cells from polycythemia vera (PV) and secondary polycythemia patients (SP) and the JAK2V617F clone before and after transplantation. Peripheral blood CD34(+) cells were transplanted intra-femorally. In the injected BM, successful engraftment (>0.1%) occurred in 8/26 mice transplanted with CD34+ cells from 5/13 PV patients (median: 4.26%, range: 0...

Picornaviral RNA replication utilizes a small virus-encoded protein, termed 3B or VPg, as a primer to initiate RNA synthesis. This priming step requires uridylylation of the VPg peptide by the viral polymerase protein 3D(pol), in conjunction with other viral or host cofactors. In this study, we compared the viral specificity in 3D(pol)-catalyzed uridylylation reactions between poliovirus (PV) a...

The myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are a group of haematological conditions where there is a primary disorder at the level of the multi-potent haematopoietic stem cell leading to increased production in one or more blood cell types. The three main disorders in the group are polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF). PV is characterised by an...