To the Editor:—We read with interest the case report and the study of Sanchez-Guijo et al., which describes the failure of patient-controlled analgesia pumps in a hyperbaric environment. We have experience with this problem. Electronic infusion pumps function in a fashion similar to a patient-controlled analgesia pump. We have observed unexplained low blood pressure in some patients treated by ...

ently Nevada Corporation is continually investigating methods to help our customers protect and manage all their machinery. This includes integrated solutions to address machines of all sizes, speeds, and criticality. Within two of the largest markets that we serve, Hydrocarbon Processing and Power Generation, the most common machine type is the process pump. The vast majority of these pumps ar...

We study a simple, kinematical model of a galactic fountain ow and show that a horizontal eld in the galactic plane can be pumped into the halo to a height of several kiloparsecs. This pumping eeect results from the topological structure of the ow in which the updraughts (represented by hot gas) form a connected network, whereas the downdraughts (associated with isolated cool clouds) are discon...

Periplasmic adaptor proteins are key components of bacterial tripartite efflux pumps. The 2.85 Å resolution structure of an MFS (major facilitator superfamily) pump adaptor, Aquifex aeolicus EmrA, shows linearly arranged α-helical coiled-coil, lipoyl, and β-barrel domains, but lacks the fourth membrane-proximal domain shown in other pumps to interact with the inner membrane transporter. The ada...

Efflux mechanisms have become broadly recognized as major components of resistance to many classes of antibiotics. Some efflux pumps selectively extrude specific antibiotics, while others, referred to as multidrug resistance (MDR) pumps, expel a variety of structurally diverse compounds with differing antibacterial modes of action. There are numerous potentially beneficial consequences of the i...

A group of empirical equations were developed in order to estimate the performance curves (H Q, n Q, P -Q, NPSHr -Q) of a centrifugal pump, using quite small amount of pumps geometric data. The results of the present study prove that centrifugal pumps performance curves direct estimation could be accomplished without using complex mathematical models. Furthermore more, all-basic parameters affe...

Multidrug efflux pumps contribute to multiple antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pump expression usually has been quantified by Western blotting. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction has been developed to measure mRNA expression for genes of interest. Whether this method correlates with pump protein quantities is unclear. We devised a real-time PCR for mRNA expression ...

Bacterial infections pose a serious public health concern, especially when an infectious disease has a multidrug resistant causative agent. Such multidrug resistant bacteria can compromise the clinical utility of major chemotherapeutic antimicrobial agents. Drug and multidrug resistant bacteria harbor several distinct molecular mechanisms for resistance. Bacterial antimicrobial agent efflux pum...

Overexpression of pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) efflux pumps of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is the major cause of fungal multi-drug resistance and decreased efficacy of antifungal drugs. This review focused on recent progresses in understanding of the PDR efflux pumps of ABC transporter superfamily in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fungal pathogens Candida albic...

Track-etched polymer membranes are used to realize low-voltage electroosmotic (EO) pumps. The nanopores in polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes were fabricated by the track-etching technique, the pore diameter was controlled in the range of 100 to 250 nm by adjusting the etching time. The results show that these EO pumps can provide high flow rates at low applied vo...