Conflict of interest in medical publishing exists when a participant’s private interests compete with his or her responsibilities to the scientific community, readers, and society. While conflict of interest is common, it reaches the level of concern when “a reasonable observer might wonder if the individual’s behavior or judgment was motivated by his or her competing interests”1. Having a comp...

background and objectives: as with most countries, in the developing communities, providing high quality services in the field of health care is affected by limited financial resources. applying the positive stimuli germane to the private sector to public hospital may be one solution to the public sector's problems, and the health care system, in general, for reducing hospital construction and ...

public order has a long history and a great role in private law andinternational commercial arbitration; as much as can be said: public order isone of the most important limitations of party autonomy (contractualfreedom) in private law and international commercial arbitration.however, legal experts disagree about the meaning of this term. some oflawyers and jurists have made great efforts to de...

“What your genes want you to eat”. This was the title of an article in the New York Times of 4 May 2003 on the ways in which the life sciences will influence food and drug choices of consumers and patients in the next decade. The author, a journalist by the name of Grierson, states that our diets and prescriptions will in the future be customized; to achieve this, consumers and patients will ne...

objectives this study is the first of its kind to determine the framework, advantages, and limitations of bot contracts for health care projects in selected countries. background advantages and limitations of build-operate-transfer (bot) contracts in various forms of public-private partnership (ppp) arrangements have not been studied. conclusions this study suggests that more information transp...

the main objective of the present survey is to conduct a comparative analysis of the challenges of the performance evaluation system in two private and public sectors and their impact on effectiveness of human resources management practices. this survey was conducted using the field-descriptive method. the historical study method was used to collect theoretical subjects and the field study meth...

This paper examines the challenges and opportunities facing the agricultural biotechnology sector as it works to sustain innovations and further propagate its benefits into the new century. We survey the milestones of technological, legal, and economic precedence in this area and discuss institutional mechanisms for public and private partnership that can help agricultural biotechnology fulfill...