A symbol is a pattern (of physical marks, electromagnetic energy, etc.) which denotes, designates, or otherwise has meaning. The notion that intelligence requires the use and manipulation of symbols, and that humans are therefore symbol systems, has been extremely in uential in arti cial intelligence. keywords: symbol, reasoning, intelligence, representation, logic This article has two parts. W...

Alan Baddeley is Professor of Psychology at the University of York and a Fellow of the Royal Society and the British Academy. He studied psychology at University College London and Princeton before doing a PhD at the MRC Applied Psychology Unit in Cambridge, where he spent much of his career as Director. His interests are in human memory, and in particular in working memory, a system for keepin...

a comparative study of personality factors, life orientation and hope level in coronary heart patients and normal subjects     shiekhy s [1] , issazadegan a [2] * , banehasmishishevan mr [3] , mahmoodi h [4] , amani saribagloo j [5]     received: 26 nov , 2012 accepted: 20 feb , 2013     abstract   background & aims : one of the most important topics in the field of health psychology is the inf...

The results of the authors' presentation at session Bureau Psychology and Age Physiology Russian Academy Sciences on activities Perm Scientific Center State Humanitarian Pedagogical University are presented. report outlines main historical stages development scientific psychological school analyzes logic deployment psychology integral individuality a person in six research programs. Particular ...

The human brain is the result of a long evolutionary trajectory. Using this fact to understand the human brain’s particular capacities and limitations, evolutionary psychology has provided many key insights into human behavior. First, since the human brain is extremely costly to nurture and maintain, its general contribution to human fitness must be high, and hence the brain must be an adaptati...