Parrot bornavirus 4 is an etiological agent of proventricular dilatation disease, a fatal neurologic and gastrointestinal disease of psittacines and other birds. We tested the ability of ribavirin, an antiviral nucleoside analog with antiviral activity against a range of RNA and DNA viruses, to inhibit parrot bornavirus 4 replication in duck embryonic fibroblast cells. Two analytical methods th...

Investment in current reproduction should come at the expense of traits promoting future reproduction, such as immunity and longevity. To date, comparative studies of pace-of-life traits have provided some support for this, with slower paced species having greater immune function. Another means of investment in current reproduction is through secondary sexual characters (SSC). Investment in SSC...

Abstract Over 40 species of parrots, members order Psittaciformes, have established nonnative populations globally. Monk parakeets ( Myiopsitta monachus ) are among the most invasive bird worldwide. In their introduced range, monk caused negative impacts on native species, habitats, economies, and human safety. Lethal population management has been complicated by intelligence parakeets, as they...

Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae, has as main hosts birds of Columbidae family, which have a high prevalence without manifesting disease. The continuous growth pigeon population and its cosmopolitan nature mean that today there is worldwide distribution this species, being responsible for maintenance trichomoniasis in almost entire world. transmission disease may be ...

During the course of the 20th century many changes took place in the area encompassing Israel and the Palestinian Authority (hereafter Israel; ca. 28,000 km): the human population grew from ca. 650,000 inhabitants during 1900–1903 (Rupin, 1920) to ca. 10 million in 2008, i.e. a 16-fold increase. This population increase was accompanied by an increase in land use for human needs – agriculture, a...

Parrots (Psittaciformes) are a diverse group of birds, which need urgent protection. However, many taxa from this order have an unresolved status, which makes their conservation difficult. One of species-rich parrot genus is Amazona, which is widely distributed in the New World. Here we describe a new Amazona form, which is endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula. This parrot is clearly separable from...