The genus Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 is revised and all species are rediagnosed. The type species, described as Aranea avicularia Linnaeus, 1758, is the oldest mygalomorph species described and its taxonomic history is extensive and confusing. Cladistic analyses using both equal and implied weights were carried out with a matrix of 46 taxa from seven theraphosid subfamilies, and 71 morphological ...

The Diptera genus-group names of Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart are reviewed and annotated. A total of 399 available genus-group names in 69 families of Diptera are listed alphabetically, for each name giving author, year and page of original publication, originally included species, type species and method of fixation, current status of the name, family placement, and a list of any emendations o...

(2835) Umbilicaria spodochroa Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2: 113. 1796 (‘spadochroa’), nom. et orth. cons. prop. Typus: [Sweden, Bohuslän] An Felsklippen am Meeresufer der Insel Tjörn in Schweden, 1884, Hellbom Arnold, Lich. Exs. No. 1101 (O 126234; isotypi: FH, G, U), typ. The lichen currently known as is a well-known species common on the coastal cliffs of southern Norway and Sweden, but original s...

(2841) Lechea verticillata Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 495. Jun 1797 [Angiosp.: Elatin.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: Ind[ia], 1791, Klein, right-hand plant (B-W barcode B -W 02396 -01 0!), typ. Many authors (e.g., Backer in Van Steenis, Fl. Males., Ser. 1, 4: 203–206. 1951; Verdcourt, Trop. E. Africa, Elatinaceae: 1–5. 1968; Sohmer Dassanayake, Revis. Handb. Ceylon 424–427. 1980; Verdon Jessop, Centr. Aust...

The Neotropical genus Hologymnetis (formerly Cineretis) is comprehensively reviewed. Descriptions and a key to the seven species are presented, including three new species (H. kinichahau from Guatemala and Mexico, H. moroni from Mexico, and H. vulcanorum from El Salvador). Hologymnetis margaritis is restored to species status. A cladistic analysis reconstructing the presumed phylogeny of the ge...

Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau, known as ‘land of snow’ ‘roof world’, is home to tens millions indigenous people who live with a staggering amount biological diversity. In past decade scientists have applied genomic tools methods substantially advance understanding phylogeography genetic mechanisms behind high-elevation adaptation local biota. However, contributions from researchers native in...

All pollinators are classified as either generalists or specialists, depending on the variety of flower species that they pollinate. This research project strives to understand how these generalist and specialist pollinators' flower preferences affect the features of the resulting pollination network. More specifically, it aims to quantify and compare the ecological health of the pollination ne...