The black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is an underutilized fruit in the mid-hills of Nepal. However, the physico-chemical properties of Nepalese black walnut are almost unavailable in the literature. Four walnut growing districts namely Baitadi, Dadeldhura, Jumla and East Rukum selected and the black walnut collected at commercial maturity from the local markets. The physical properties w...

Introduction: Fertility is a vital ingredient in measuring population fluctuation. Bangladesh is still above the level of transplantation of fertility. The target of this research was to determine the proximate factors on fertility rate reduction in Bangladesh. Methods: The 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) was used as secondary data. T...

As skepticism has grown toward the purported economic impact of major sport facilities on a community, advocates have redirected their justification toward the proximate structural development they stimulate and the social capital emanating from their presence. Analyses in this paper are confined to returns on investment in sport facilities from proximate structural development. Advocates invar...

In recent years, the term ‘obviation’ has been applied to phenomena in a variety of languages on the basis of perceived similarity to the phenomenon in Algonquian languages to which, I assume, the term was originally applied. An example of a descriptive use of the term occurs in Dayley (1989: 136), who applies the terms ‘obviative’ and ‘proximate’ to two categories of demonstratives in Tümpisa ...

Many parasite taxa are able to alter a wide range of phenotypic traits of their hosts in ways that seem to improve the parasite's chance of completing its life cycle. Host behavioural alterations are classically seen as compelling illustrations of the 'extended phenotype' concept, which suggests that parasite genes have phenotype effects on the host. The molecular mechanisms and the host-parasi...

We thank Dr. Hicken for her commentary (1) on our article regarding disparities in the distributions of blood pressure across racial/ethnic groups in the United States (2). She correctly places our results, which largely show that proximate risk factors are inadequate to explain disparities, in the context of a larger body of literature that suggests that broader social determinants of health m...

Fish meal is considered a major source of protein commonly used in domestic animal feeds as well as in commercial aqua feeds. The present study documents the different species used for the production of fish meal in Pakistan and to determine the proximate composition of fish meal samples obtained from these units. Samples of fish meal were collected from nine different commercial fish meal proc...

The translation of nutrients into increased body mass is achieved in different ways by different organs and organisms. The dimensions to which the bodies of vertebrates grow can be classified as determinate or indeterminate. Determinate types include higher vertebrates in which a species specific stature is attained more or less at the time of sexual maturity. Many of the lower vertebrates have...

We use a new firm level data set which establishes the location, ownership, and activity of 650,000 multinational subsidiaries—close to a comprehensive picture of global multinational activity—. A number of patterns emerge from the data. Most foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs between rich countries. The share of vertical FDI (subsidiaries which provide inputs to their parent firms) is larg...

INTRODUCTION Systematic reviews of the social and physical determinants of health provide metrics for evaluation of programs to mitigate health disparities. Previous meta-analyses of the population health literature have identified several proximate social and physical determinants of population health in the circumpolar north including addiction, environmental exposures, diet/nutrition and glo...