Bacterial predation by protozoa has the most deleterious effect on the efficiency of N use within the rumen, but differences in activity among protozoal groups are not completely understood. Two in vitro experiments were conducted to identify the protozoal groups more closely related with rumen N metabolism. Rumen protozoa were harvested from cattle and 7 protozoal fractions were generated imme...

Merino ewes (n 108) joined to a single sire were allocated into three flocks, with ewes in one flock being chemically defaunated in the second month of gestation. Single lambs born to defaunated ewes (BF lambs) were heavier at birth and at weaning than lambs born to faunated ewes (F lambs). After weaning, all BF and F lambs were individually housed then half of the F lambs were chemically defau...

The present experiment was designed to estimate the quantitative contribution of rumen protozoa to the total N, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA; trans-11-18 : 1) flow to the duodenum of steers fed two silage diets: control silage (CS) and silage high in water-soluble carbohydrates (HS). Protozoal duodenal flows were estimated using a real-time PCR assay to quantify the gene...

Throughout the past decade much research has been directed towards identifying the occurrence, epidemiology, and risks associated with waterborne protozoa. While outbreaks are continually documented, sporadic cases of disease associated with exposure to low levels of waterborne protozoa are of increasing concern. Current methodologies may not be sensitive enough to define these low levels of di...

coccidian protozoa of cyclospora cayetanensis are obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasites that infect the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine of immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. a 25- years old woman from around, tehran with complaint of faintness and fatigue with hiv positive/aids confirmed eight months ago was admitted in imam khomeini hospital, tehran, iran in 2014....

Concomitant infections are common in nature and often involve parasites. A number of examples of the interactions between protozoa and viruses, protozoa and bacteria, protozoa and other protozoa, protozoa and helminths, helminths and viruses, helminths and bacteria, and helminths and other helminths are described. In mixed infections the burden of one or both the infectious agents may be increa...

that cells transformed by the polyoma virus possess a specific antigen which can be detected by trans plantation experiments. It would be desirable, for many reasons, to identify this antigen by an in vitro reaction. For this purpose, attempts to prepare heterologous anti sera selective for polyoma-transformed hamster and mouse cells were made. A set of experiments, already reported (1), failed...

the ephrinB " ligands " are the acting receptors that trans-to the Function of EphB2 duce a " reverse " signal from the midline to the axons. Consistent with a role for ephrins in midline guidance, Nakagawa and colleagues showed recently that Eph/ ephrin signaling may also be required to set up the pat-The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the tern of crossed and uncrossed projec...

In this article, we apply the Multiquadric radial basis function (RBF) interpo-lation method for nding the numerical approximation of traveling wave solu-tions of the Kawahara equation. The scheme is based on the Crank-Nicolsonformulation for space derivative. The performance of the method is shown innumerical examples.

Trypanosomes are unicellular protozoa and members of the order kinetoplastida, a highly divergent branch of the eukaryota which probably separated from the mammalian lineage ~3 x 10 years ago. Pathogenic trypanosomatids include the causative agents for Chagas’ disease or South American trypanosomiasis and Kala Azar or Leishmaniasis. They are equally divergent from the Apicomplexan protozoa that...