Abstract Herein we report the manipulation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), a very important technique for spintronics devices, which is achieved in an all-solid-state redox (reduction/oxidation) device. The device consisted NiCo 2 O 4 (NCO) thin film with c -axis orientation and proton-conducting polymer (Nafion). PMA NCO can be manipulated situ low voltage ( V ? 0.7 V) due to utili...

The demand of green hydrogen, that is, the hydrogen produced from water electrolysis, is expected to increase dramatically in coming years. State-of-the-art proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEMWE) uses high loadings platinum group metals, such as Pt electrode where produced. Alternative electrodes based on phosphides, sulfides, nitrides, and other low-cost alternatives are under investiga...

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for portable and stationary applications in the view of their advantages such as high energy density, easy manipulation, high efficiency and they operate with liquid fuel which could be used without requiring any fuel-processing units. Electrolyte membrane of DMFC plays a key role as a proton conductor ...

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for portable and stationary applications in the view of their advantages such as high energy density, easy manipulation, high efficiency and they operate with liquid fuel which could be used without requiring any fuel-processing units. Electrolyte membrane of DMFC plays a key role as a proton conductor ...

Proton conducting gel electrolytes are very important components of clean energy devices. Phosphoric acid (PA, H(3)PO(4) · H2O) is one of the best proton conductors, but needs to be incorporated into some matrix for real device applications, such as into lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases (LLCMs). Herein, we show that PA and nonionic surfactant (NS, C(12)H(25)(OCH(2)CH(2))(10)OH, C(12)E(10...

Cellular processes such as nerve conduction, energy metabolism, and import of nutrients into cells all depend on transport of ions across biological membranes through specialized membrane-spanning proteins. Understanding these processes at a molecular level requires mechanistic insights into the interaction between these proteins and the membrane itself. To explore the role of the membrane in i...