We describe here a convenient and mild procedure for double carbonylation of o-dibromobenzenes with various 2-amino pyridines and naturally occurring amines, thus providing in good to excellent yields N-substituted phthalimides by using this palladium-catalyzed carbonylation procedure. Furthermore, for the first time we have applied the developed synthetic protocol for the synthesis of biologic...

A Pd-catalyzed regioselective C-H bond carbonylation of N-alkyl anilines for the synthesis of isatoic anhydrides has been developed. The key Pd-catalyst intermediate has been isolated and characterized. This novel Pd-catalyzed carbonylation reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and is a reliable method for the rapid elaboration of readily available N-alkyl anilines into a variety...

The acid-catalyzed formation of carbon-carbon bonds from C1 precursors via CO insertion into chemisorbed methyl groups occurs selectively within eight-membered ring (8-MR) zeolite channels. This elementary step controls catalytic carbonylation rates of dimethyl ether (DME) to methyl acetate. The number of O-H groups within 8-MR channels was measured by rigorous deconvolution of the infrared ban...

Frataxin is a mitochondrial protein that is defective in Friedreich's ataxia resulting in iron accumulation and an environment prone to Fenton reactions. We report that frataxin is susceptible to carbonylation and nitration modifications in residues from the beta-sheet surface (Tyr143, Tyr174, Tyr205 and Trp155). Frataxin functions are not significantly affected: frataxin-mediated protection ag...

The effects of heat stress on organisms are manifested at the levels of organ function, metabolic activity, protein stability and gene expression. Here, we examined effects of high temperature on the intertidal limpet Cellana toreuma to determine how the temperatures at which (1) organ failure (cardiac function), (2) irreversible protein damage (carbonylation) and (3) expression of genes encodi...

The administration of a neurotoxic dose of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 'ecstasy') to the rat results in mitochondrial oxidative damage in the central nervous system, namely lipid and protein oxidation and mitochondrial DNA deletions with subsequent impairment of the correspondent protein expression. Although these toxic effects were shown to be prevented by monoamine oxidase B inhi...

A theoretical investigation at the DFT(B3LYP) level on the carbonylation reaction of allyl bromide catalyzed by nickel tetra-carbonyl Ni(CO)(4) is discussed. The computational results show the following: (i) Three main steps characterize the catalytic cycle: (a) an oxidative addition step, (b) a carbonylation step, and (c) a reductive elimination step where the acyl product is obtained and the ...

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most common pollutants in environment. It can cause irreversible tissue damage and apoptosis invertebrates. This study investigated relationship between Cd exposure oxidative ovarian cell clam Meretrix meretrix . The clams were exposed to different concentrations 2+ (0, 1.5, 3, 6 12 mg L −1 ) for 5 days, accumulated level tissue, degree damage, changes morphology resp...