The study of molecular markers in various types of human carcinomas, as well as in carcinoma of prostate, is focused on genes responsible for the formation of carcinoma. Mutation, amplification or other changes in these genes or in their protein products are being examined and compared with traditional prognostic markers. These genes can be characterized as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes or ...

Small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a rare neoplasm, with only a few series hitherto reported. A little less than half of the cases are associated with conventional acinar adenocarcinoma, which are usually high grade. Although consensus has not been reached, the majority of patients with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate have advanced disease at diagnosis and disproportion...

The primate SIGLEC12 gene encodes one of the CD33-related Siglec family of signaling molecules in immune cells. We had previously reported that this gene harbors a human-specific missense mutation of the codon for an Arg residue required for sialic acid recognition. Here we show that this R122C mutation of the Siglec-XII protein is fixed in the human population, i.e. it occurred prior to the or...

Once the regional lymph nodes become involved in prostate carcinoma, 85% of patients develop distant metastases within 5 years, and metastatic disease is difficult to treat. We have investigated the effect of systemic interleukin 2 (IL-2) treatment on metastatic prostate carcinoma using a xenograft tumor model. Cells from a PC-3/IF cell line, produced by intrafemoral injection of human PC-3 pro...

BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the prostate gland is the most frequent malignant tumour affecting male population. While the large majority of tumours is represented by adenocarcinoma, pure squamous cell carcinoma comprises only 0.5-1% of all prostate neoplastic lesions. It is characterised by a high degree of malignancy, commonly metastasising to the bone (mainly with osteolytic lesions), liver and l...

OBJECTIVES To characterize minute prostate cancer seen at radical prostatectomy. With aggressive screening and more extensive biopsy sampling, we have increasingly seen these cancers at radical prostatectomy. METHODS We examined radical prostatectomy specimens submitted in total for minute cancer. RESULTS During the past 1.5 years, 78 prostates (5.2%) had either no cancer (2 cases) or conta...

Purpose: Small-cell prostate carcinoma (SCPC) morphology predicts for a distinct clinical behavior, resistance to androgen ablation, and frequent but short responses to chemotherapy. We sought to develop model systems that reflect human SCPC and can improve our understanding of its biology. Experimental Design: We developed a set of castration-resistant prostate carcinomas xenografts and examin...

Prostate cancer is common and frequently a lethal type for men. While it would be diagnosed through Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) by the 50s, the gold standard diagnosis method for this disease is achieved through the pathological examination of the samples obtained through needle biopsy. The results of the prostate biopsy, i.e. pathological diagnosis, can be grouped into four: benign prosta...

Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) of prostate gland is a rare biphasic tumour. In about half of cases, initial diagnosis is acinar adenocarcinoma, followed by nonsurgical therapy, with a subsequent diagnosis of SC. The survival rate is lower. We report a case of an 59-years-old man with unusual histopathologic finding of prostate sarcomatoid carcinoma, showing characteristics of ductal prostatic adeno...

An 87-year-old man was admitted complaining of cough after he had been treated with drugs at another hospital. Chest X-ray revealed multiple nodules, and chest computed tomography (CT) showed metastatic lung tumors. Abdominal CT revealed staining of the outer portion of the prostate by contrast medium, though this finding was considered nonspecific and nondiagnostic. A CT-guided biopsy of a lun...