The kinetic equivalency of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), derived from propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), as well as the parent compound (PGME) following intravenous administration to Fischer 344 rats was evaluated. In addition, in vitro hydrolysis rates of PGMEA in blood and liver tissue from rats and humans were determined. The blood kinetics were determined followi...

OBJECTIVE The present study is focused on optimization of elastic liposomes-in-vehicle formulations in respect to drug release and formulation properties. By combining penetration potential of elastic liposomes containing high ratio of entrapped drug and physicochemical properties of vehicles, both affecting the release and texture properties, optimal formulation could be achieved. MATERIALS ...

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of triptolide (TL) on ulcerative colitis (UC) and explore the potential association between the therapeutic effects of TL and IL-1β expression using a 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-sulfonic acid (DSS)-induced mouse model to simulate human UC. A total of 70 BALB/c female mice were randomly allocated into seven equal groups: Group A, blank control;...

G. Consolati, F. Quasso, R. Gallo and F. Severini Dipartimento di Fisica and INFM, Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale e Ingegneria dei Materiali Universitá di Messina Salita Sperone, 98166 S. Agata di Messina, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta” Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da ...

Calcium hydroxide (Calpha(OH)2) paste has been used as a root canal dressing for long time and promotes healing of vital pulp and periapical tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dissolving effect of calcium hydroxide paste mixed with different vehicles on uninstrumented canal walls using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty one recently extracted single-root teeth were used....

BACKGROUND Several active ingredients proposed as vaginal microbicides have been shown paradoxically to increase susceptibility to infection in mouse genital herpes (HSV-2) vaginal susceptibility models and in clinical trials. In addition, "inactive ingredients" (or excipients) used in topical products to formulate and deliver the active ingredient might also cause epithelial toxicities that in...

Background: Although some studies have identified hazardous substances in electronic cigarette (EC) liquids and emissions, there is limited information about the health risks of using ECs. Methods: In this study, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health risk assessment model and findings of a literature review were used to determine and profile hazards. Focus was put on the toxican...

A 61-year-old man presented with an increased anion-gap metabolic acidosis, an increased serum osmolal gap, and a negative result in an alcohol screen. Gas chromatography revealed an increased ethylene glycol (EG) concentration (22 mg/dL) and a propylene glycol (PG) result that was below the lower limit of quantification ( 5 mg/dL) (Fig. 1A). The patient was treated with hemodialysis, followed ...

Ethylene glycol ingestion, accidental or intentional, can be a life-threatening emergency. Assays are not available from most clinical laboratories, and, thus, results often require many hours or days to obtain. Enzymatic assays, adaptable to automated chemistry analyzers, have been evaluated, but they have been plagued by analytic problems. With an alternative method of data analysis applied t...

A conic of the Veronese surface in PG(5, 3) is a quadrangle. If one such quadrangle is replaced with its diagonal triangle, then one obtains a point model K for Witt’s 5–(12, 6, 1) design, the blocks being the hyperplane sections containing more than three (actually six) points of K. As such a point model is projectively unique, the present construction yields an easy coordinate–free approach t...