The goals of tobacco control endgame strategies are specified in terms of the desired levels of tobacco use and/or tobacco related health consequences. Yet the strategies being considered may have other consequences beyond tobacco use prevalence, forms and related harms. Most of the proposed strategies threaten to create large black markets with potential attendant harms: corruption, high illeg...

Drug-related harm is the most rational means of determining a substance's legal status. The available evidence suggests that compared to other drugs, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy") poses a low level of harm to most individual users and causes negligible harm to society. There is no sound justification for criminalising the use of MDMA. .The depenalisation model adopted...

This article presents a unified solution to two long-standing problems concerning successive cyclicity. First, under the minimalist program of Chomsky (1995), a trigger for successive-cyclic wh-movement to [–wh] SpecC positions must be identified. Second, as noted by den Besten & Webelhuth (1990), there is a strict prohibition against unbound intermediate traces that result from a combination o...

This article delves into the understanding of hadith regarding use eyelash extensions for women, focusing on implications this practice. In today's society, women place great importance their appearance, which has led to a surge in popularity various beauty enhancements. However, considering narrated by Muslim (index number 2123), wherein Prophet forbade from using hair extensions, it becomes c...

Dual citizenship is often seen as an indication that states are adopting more open membership policies. In some cases, however, dual imposed because lay claim to populations beyond their borders, and prohibit the renunciation of citizenship. This research note presents new data describe which countries renunciation. First, we find in administrative practice, even though national legal framework...