the contract of marriage is the most important contract which a person may conclude during his or her life. as women are vulnerable and their commitment to the marriage is very tight, iranian legislator should protect women on the conclusion of marriage contracts in three stages; before age of puberty by prohibiting any marriage, after age of puberty but before attaining majority by judicial su...

Philosophical and scientific investigations into the nature of belief and knowledge are ancient, extending back to the beginnings of rational thought. It is not until the last few decades that we have been able to peer into and examine the organ of belief, the brain. Neuroanatomical perspectives have begun to address the long-standing questions of epistemology by identifying specific neural reg...

In this single case study, I will address the question of how incestuous sexual abuse causes doubt of three distinct types: (1) honest doubt that is essential to the pursuit of knowledge; (2) inherent doubt that can result from a trauma that leaves the victim's mind fragmented and confused; and (3) the sadistic imposition of doubt intended to deceive, disorient and attack unbearable knowledge i...

The development of a taxonomy of expressions expressing the degree of confidence or certainty felt in the correctness of one's judgments, knowledge, or beliefs is reported. 30 phrases expressing confidence and doubt were rated by 96 British participants on a 7-point scale to indicate how much confidence or doubt they felt each phrase expressed. The expressions were rank ordered, based on their ...

DO PEOPLE SEEKING HEALTH CARE prefer to be called “patients” or “clients”? To try and answer this question the author surveyed 101 people attending a back-pain clinic and found that most (74) preferred “patient.” Given the implicit assumptions inherent in the use of specific labels, the author advises clinicians to evaluate carefully the attitudinal implications of using a particular term and t...