The industrialization of the agricultural sector has increased the chemical burden on natural ecosystems. Pesticides are agrochemicals used in agricultural lands, public health programs, and urban green areas in order to protect plants and humans from various diseases. However, due to their known ability to cause a large number of negative health and environmental effects, their side effects ca...

The 1998 flood had smaller peak discharges than of the 1954 flood (largest flood in the 20 century) at most gauging stations in the middle and lower reaches, but resulted in higher peak stages. One of the reasons of this higher water stages is the decrease in the surface area and storage capacity of natural lakes due to the excess impoldering agricultural land and sedimentation. However, there ...

mashhad city, according to the latest official statistics of the country is the second populated city after tehran and is the biggest metropolis in the east of iran. considering the rapid growth of the population over the last three decades, the city’s development area has been extended, significantly. this significant expansion has impacted natural lands on suburb and even some parts e.g. rang...

Right now it is not clear how other cost and benefit factors such as production economics, sustainability and carbon sequestration, and grain quality will be taken into account in the development of the criteria. Because of current water use impairments, and the expectation that the criteria, when developed and implemented, will add to the list of impairments, there is an immediate and continui...

More than 4 years has passed since the accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. Immediately after the accident, 40 to 50 academic staff of the Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Tokyo created an independent team to monitor the behavior of the radioactive materials in the field and their effects on agricultural farm lands, forests, rivers, animals, etc. ...

lending agricultural credits should follow a theoretical background. this research primarily investigated five theoretical patterns especially the islamic pattern about distribution of productive credits. then it examined the reliability of the patterns by accomplishing a case study about agricultural credits. the research was based on grounded theory approach. data were collected through obser...

Mixed farming systems involving varying degrees of crop–livestock integration are found in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. Increasing population combined with climatic, economic, social, and institutional changes are transforming systems for producing crops and livestock—from systems based on extensive, shifting cultivation and grazing to ones that are more intensively managed and are based o...

Conversion of native prairie to agriculture has increased food and bioenergy production but decreased wildlife habitat. However, enrollment of highly erodible cropland in conservation programs has compensated for some grassland loss. In the future, climate change and production of second-generation perennial biofuel crops could further transform agricultural landscapes and increase or decrease ...

Hitherto the method of laser diffraction has been used only for determining particle size distribution (PSD) of mixtures. This paper presents an extension of that measurement approach to include the determination of the number of particles. The described method may find practical application in a variety of disciplines, including biology (e.g. for determination of population sizes of microand m...

Studying salt stress is an important means to the understanding of plant ion homeostasis and osmo-balance. Salt stress research also benefits agriculture because soil salinity significantly limits plant productivity on agricultural lands. Decades of physiological and molecular studies have generated a large body of literature regarding potential salt tolerance determinants. Recent advances in a...