The increased using of the Internet and its accelerated growth leads to reduced network bandwidth and the capacity of servers; therefore, the quality of Internet services is unacceptable for users while the efficient and effective delivery of content on the web has an important role to play in improving performance. Content distribution networks were introduced to address this issue. Replicatin...

e establish lower bounds on the minimum costs of managing certain productiondistribution networks with setup costs at all stages and stochastic demands. These networks include serial, assembly, and one-warehouse multi-retailer systems. We obtain the bounds through novel cost-allocation schemes. We evaluate the bounds' performance for one-warehouse multi-retailer systems by comparing them with s...

Controlling the microbiological quality of water is important for its uses. Microbiological requirements of drinking water ensure the absence of coliforms, but may indicate the potential presence of other potentially pathogenic microorganisms and viruses of fecal origin. A total of 36 water samples, representing the drinking water of the whole city of Aradan, Semnan, Iran, were randomly collect...

In this paper, a Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) based approach is presented for distribution system reconfiguration. In contrast to the conventional GA based methods, the proposed approach does not require weighting factors for conversion of multi-objective function into an equivalent single objective function. In order to illustrate the performance of the proposed method,...

Grammatical evolution is an evolutionary algorithm designed to evolve programs in any language. Grammatical evolution operates on binary strings and the mapping of the genotype onto the phenotype (the tree representation of the programs) is provided through the grammar described in the form of production rules. The program trees are constructed in a pre-order fashion, which means that as the ge...

the asia-pacific region generates over half of global economic activity (54.2%) and about 43.7% of global trade, and is the most dynamic region in the global economy. at the core of this is an increasingly dynamic, vibrant and entrepreneurial small-medium sized enterprise sector. advances in information and communications technology, market liberalisation and moves towards closer regional econo...