Context. Integrated control systems (ICSs) are heterogeneous systems where software and hardware components are integrated to control and monitor physical devices and processes. A family of ICSs share the same software code base, which is configured differently for each product to form a unique installation. Due to the complexity of ICSs and inadequate automation support, product configuration ...

Software Product Line engineering allows companies to realise significant improvements in timeto-market, cost, productivity, and system quality. One major difficulty with software product lines is that within industry there may exist thousands of variation points in a single product line. This scale of variability can become extremely complex to manage resulting in a product configuration proce...

Software Product Line engineering allows companies to realise significant improvements in timeto-market, cost, productivity, and system quality. One major difficulty with software product lines is that within industry there may exist thousands of variation points in a single product line. This scale of variability can become extremely complex to manage resulting in a product configuration proce...

The development and maintenance of product configuration systems is faced with increasing challenges caused by the growing complexity of the underlying knowledge bases. Effective knowledge acquisition is needed since configurator development time is strictly limited, i.e. the product and the corresponding configuration system have to be developed in parallel. In this paper we show how to employ...

Increasing market demands concerning customer requirements and market pressure from competitors force several enterprises to diversify their product range. Offering more and more product variants has the implicit impact of growing development process complexity. Although many configuration problems can be solved with knowledge-based configuration, the usage of configuration tools is very often ...

The development and maintenance of product configuration systems is faced with increasing challenges caused by the growing complexity of the underlying knowledge bases. Effective knowledge acquisition is needed since the product and the corresponding configuration system have to be developed in parallel. In this paper we show how to employ a standard design language (Unified Modeling Language U...

Household air pollution from traditional cook stoves presents a greater health hazard than any other environmental factor. Despite government e orts to support clean-burning cooking fuels, over 700 million people in South Asia could still rely on traditional stoves in 2030. This number could rise if climate change mitigation e orts increase energy costs. Here we quantify the costs of support po...

As software evolves, maintenance practices require a process of accommodating changing requirements while minimizing the cost of implementing those changes. Over time, incompatibilities between design assumptions and the operational environment become more pronounced, requiring some regions of the implementation to require repeated modification. These regions are considered to be “unstable”, an...

Configuration design is a process of composing customized product from set predefined component types with well-defined rules which decide how items can be selected and combined. The configuration solving to instantiate all into instances. However, the configurator faces problem determine instantiation order in process. An unreasonable may reduce accuracy result extend time required finish conf...

Configuration has a number of related topics such as mass customization, software product lines, design, planning, recommender systems, software configuration, and product data management. For a discussion of mass customization, refer to Chapter 9; a discussion of software product lines can be found in Chapter 6. The other topics are discussed in this chapter.