BACKGROUND Research indicates that brief motivational interventions are efficacious treatments for hazardous drinking. Little is known, however, about the psychological processes that may moderate intervention success. Based on growing evidence that drinking behavior may be influenced by automatic (nonvolitional) mental processes, the current study examined whether automatic alcohol-approach as...

Yosida's definition of potential operators for semigroups [17] makes it possible to deal with transient Markov processes and a class of recurrent Markov processes in a unified operator theoretical way. In this paper, we prove some general properties of his potential operators, show which Markov processes admit the potential operators, and investigate the cases of processes with stationary indep...

Understanding the processes that influence the structure of biotic communities is one of the major ecological topics, and both stochastic and deterministic processes are expected to be at work simultaneously in most communities. Here, we investigated the vertical distribution patterns of bacterial communities in a 10-m-long soil core taken within permafrost of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To get ...

The purpose of this problem is to illustrate that for an arrival process with independent but not identically distributed interarrival intervals, X1, X2, . . . ,, the number of arrivals N(t) in the interval (0, t] can be a defective rv. In other words, the ‘counting process’ is not a stochastic process according to our definitions. This illustrates that it is necessary to prove that the countin...

The purpose of this symposium was to examine how foraging physiology is studied in the field across a diversity of species and habitats. While field studies are constrained by the relatively poor ability to control the experiment, the natural variability in both the environment and animal behavior provides insights into adaptation to change that are usually not tested in the laboratory. Talks i...

The survivor interaction contrasts (SIC) is a powerful measure for distinguishing among candidate models of human information processing. One class of models to which SIC analysis can apply are the coactive, or channel summation, models of human information processing. In general, parametric forms of coactive models assume that responses are made based on the first passage time across a fixed t...

We use the correspondence between string states and local operators on the world-sheet boundary defined by vertex operators in open string theory to put in correspondence, holographically, the bosonic open string with the large N limit of a mechanical system living on the world-sheet boundary. We give a natural interpretation of this system in terms of a one-dimensional stochastic process and s...