BACKGROUND Grassland degradation caused by overgrazing poses a threat to both animal husbandry and environmental sustainability in most semi-arid areas especially north China. Although the Chinese Government has made huge efforts to restore degraded grasslands, a considerable attempt has unfortunately failed due to an inadequate consideration of economic benefits to local communities. METHODO...

Simulation modelling is a methodology that appears highly suitable for use in farming systems innovation. However, if the aim is to improve farming systems by supporting farmer behaviour change, model-based approaches seem to have delivered surprisingly little observable benefit to date. This paper identifies the problems underlying this apparent lack of impact, and proposes better approaches t...

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After the revolution of 1979, all of the private banks existing in Iran were nationalized and the economic system was based on public, cooperative and private sectors and banking operations were categorized in public sector. Consequently, private sector and foreign banks were bared from doing banking operations in Iran. According to the recent laws and regulations passed in Iran, the Irani...

In this research, a model is designed to assess the effect of banking facilities over private sector investment. In this model, private investment is a function of non-oil GDP, and with a time lag, of import of capital goods, investment of public sector and the real facilities granted by the banking system to the private sector. The effects of the model indicate a meaningful effect of the ...

Farming imposes unenthusiastic externalities upon society. It effects by differ‐ ent sources such as loss of biodiversity, land erosion, nutrient overflow, more water usage and pesticides. Optimistic externalities include respect of nature, independence, free enterprise, and the quality of air. Natural methods decrease some of these costs. It has been proposed that organic farming can reduce th...

Background and Objectives: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a well-established model to alleviate the risk of investment in health domain. While the model is widely applied in the developed countries, the adoption of the model in many developing countries is hampered partly by the lack of knowledge on dimensions and requirements of its local implementation. The present study...

The objective of this review was to present an update of the currently managed studies on the characterization physical, chemical, and sensory analysis of several tomato cultivars. This review has indicated the importance of farming system and genotype on sensory and biochemical characteristics. It is necessary to use selected genotypes responding positively to organic farming in terms of senso...

Farming households with close kinship ties in northeast Thailand have long been practising joint utilization of farmland. They used this multihousehold farming method even more actively to cope with the macroeconomic development beginning in the 1960s. A 1989 survey of a village by the author found more than one-third of farmland under such communal use. However, the share decreased drastically...