closed-loop supply chain network design is a critical issue due to its impact on both economic and environmental performances of the supply chain. in this paper, we address the problem of designing a multi-echelon, multi-product and capacitated closed-loop supply chain network. first, a mixed-integer linear programming formulation is developed to maximize the total profit. the main contribution...

corporate social responsibility is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business activities and interactions  with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. in this global context, voluntary social and environmental practices of business which go beyond companies’ existing legal obligations play a major role in filling the governance gap in an innovati...