نتایج جستجو برای: price policies

تعداد نتایج: 201512  

2007
Stephen W. Salant Dale W. Henderson

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2006
XIANGWEN LU JING-SHENG SONG AMELIA REGAN

We study channel coordination policies for products subject to midlife price declines during their short product life cycles. Using a two-period supply chain model consisting of one supplier and one retailer, we identify policies and/or conditions under which the supply chain can be coordinated and a win-win situation can be guaranteed. We also provide algorithms to determine the win-win policy...

Short-term and long-term relationship between exchange rate, oil price and spot gas price of three regional gas markets was investigated using and estimating the Vector Autoregressive model. There is a significant and long-term relationship between variables.Short-term interactions of variables with Granger causality test One-year interaction of variables with intervals of one to twelve months ...

2013
Margaret Kyle Yi Qian

We examine the effect of pharmaceutical patent protection on the speed of drug launch, price, and quantity in 60 countries from 2000-2013. The World Trade Organization required its member countries to implement a minimum level of patent protection within a specified time period as part of the TRIPS Agreement. However, members retained the right to impose price controls and to issue compulsory l...

1994
David J. Gross Jonathan Ratner James Perez Sarah L. Glavin

France, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom each use different types of policies for controlling prescription drug spending. Until recent years, these policies have relied heavily on regulating prices charged by drug manufacturers, with different systems providing varying degrees of pricing freedom. While these policies appear to have brought some degree of price restraint, they have not pr...

2012
Sergio Morales-Enciso Jürgen Branke

We consider the scenario of a multimodal memoryless market to sell one product, where a customer’s probability to actually buy the product depends on the price. We would like to set the price for each customer in a way that maximizes our overall revenue. In this case, an exploration vs. exploitation problem arises. If we explore customer responses to different prices, we get a pretty good idea ...

2015
Ki-Bong Yoo Sang Gyu Lee Sohee Park Tae Hyun Kim Jeonghoon Ahn Mee-Hyun Cho Eun-Cheol Park

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the quantitative effects of the drug price reduction on pharmaceutical expenditures and the new guidelines to restrict prescribing on drug utilisation for antihypertensive drugs. DESIGN We used an interrupted time series design with the National patient sample data of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea. METHODS 54,295 participants who were w...

2003
Joseph M. Hall Praveen K. Kopalle David F. Pyke

Recent years have seen advances in research and management practice in the area of pricing, and particularly in dynamic pricing and revenue management. At the same time, researchers and managers have made dramatic improvements in production and supply chain management. The interactions between pricing and production/supply chain performance, however, are not as well understood. Can a firm benef...

Journal: :European Journal of Operational Research 2016
Fouad El Ouardighi Gustav Feichtinger Dieter Grass Richard F. Hartl Peter M. Kort

Autonomous „word of mouth‟, as a channel of social influence that is out of firms‟ direct control, has acquired particular importance with the development of the Internet. Depending on whether a given product or service is a good or a bad deal, this can significantly contribute to commercial success or failure. Yet the existing dynamic models of sales in marketing still assume that the influenc...

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