1.1 Motivation Much research is currently being undertaken in transportation to create more realistic models of transportation networks that account for the spatial heterogeneity in those transportation networks (Mark and Sadek, 2004), and also the different modes of transport that may be used. Simply assuming that users will travel at the maximum speed limit for a particular class of road fail...

This study investigated the influence of stockperson's behaviour and housing conditions on calves' behavioural reactions to people, and behavioural and physiological reactions to handling and short transport. Sixty-four Finnish Ayrshire male calves were used; half of them were housed in individual pens, the other half were housed in group pens of two calves. In both housing conditions half of t...

Cochlear implantation in the setting of chronic otitis media or previous middle ear surgery poses several problems for the surgeon: possible spread of infection to the cochlea and the subarachnoid spaces with consequent meningitis, risk of electrode array extrusion and possible recurrence of the original disease. Several surgical strategies have been proposed to overcome these problems. In the ...

Central prolactin (PRL) modulates neuronal activity, which is physiologically relevant and behaviorally meaningful. The stimulatory or inhibitory behavioral effects of exogenous PRL are strongly associated with dose and time of treatment. Central PRL injections produce a dual modulation of striatal dopaminergic responses in males. The activity of the striatal monoaminergic system can be modulat...

Experience-dependent changes in behavior are thought to involve structural modifications in the nervous system, especially alterations in patterns of synaptic connectivity. Repeated experience with drugs of abuse can result in very long-lasting changes in behavior, including a persistent hypersensitivity (sensitization) to their psychomotor activating and rewarding effects. It was hypothesized,...

BACKGROUND A sensory trick, or geste antagoniste, is defined as a physical gesture (such as a touch on a particular body part) that mitigates the production of an involuntary movement. This phenomenon is most commonly described as a feature of dystonia. Here we present a case of successful modulation of tics using sensory tricks. CASE REPORT A case report and video are presented. The case and...